ÿØÿà JFIF 

  
 
  ÿÛ „ 	 ( %"1!%)+...383,7(-.+




-+++--++++---+-+-----+---------------+---+-++7-----ÿÀ  ß â
" 

ÿÄ   

           
 ÿÄ H 
     
 !1AQaq"‘¡2B±ÁÑð#R“Ò Tbr‚²á3csƒ’ÂñDS¢³$CÿÄ 
 


            
ÿÄ %

 
       
!1AQa"23‘ÿÚ 
  ? ôÿ ¨pŸªáÿ —åYõõ\?àÒü©ŠÄï¨pŸªáÿ —åYõõ\?àÓü©ŠÄá 0Ÿªáÿ Ÿå[úƒ	ú®ði~TÁb
qÐ8OÕpÿ ƒOò¤Oè`–RÂáœá™êi€ßÉ< FtŸI“öÌ8úDf´°å}“¾œ6
öFá°y¥jñÇh†ˆ¢ã/ÃÐ:ªcÈ
"Y¡ðÑl>ÿ ”ÏËte:qž\oäŠe÷󲍷˜HT4&ÿ ÓÐü6ö®¿øþßèô	Ÿ•7Ñi’•j|“ñì>b…þS?*Óôÿ ÓÐü*h¥£ír¶ü UãSç‚Ÿ[AÐaè[ûª•õ&õj?†Éö+EzP—WeÒírJFt	‘BŒ†Ï‡%#tE Øz ¥OÛ«!1›üä±Í™%º<!vB™'èÔ6´Ña¿«e`Àà0U[-ÂБ4)M÷YK*³hï÷%ÎÎkÇ«m‘-íWŽLsã?nÂ~«†üö®þ¡ÂlÃaÿ ‰ÿ l©°Õ¥ åÜá¿r ºL[Çâ°(Çè'Vãôl8´ÏRÀvLvPõ:…ÙNçF™÷ë>Íãö]°î(–:@<‹ŒÊö×òÆt¦ãº+‡¦%ÌÁ²h´OƒJŒtMÜ>ÀÜÊw3
Y´•牋4ǍýʏTì>œú=Íwhyë,¾Ôò×õ¿ßÊa»«þˆѪQ|%6ž™A	õ%:øj<>É—ÿ Å_ˆCbõ¥š±ý¯Ýƒï…¶|RëócÍf溪“t.СøTÿ *Ä¿-{†çàczůŽ_–^XþŒ±miB[X±d 1,é”zEù»&
î9gœf™9Ð'.;—™i}!ôšåîqêÛ٤ёý£½ÆA–àôe"A$˝Úsäÿ 
÷Û	#°xŸëí(l
	 »ý3—¥5m!
rt`†0~'j2(]S¦¦kv,ÚÇl¦øJA£Šƒ
J3E8ÙiŽ:cÉžúeZ°€¯\®kÖ(79«Ž:¯X”¾³Š&¡* ….‰Ž(ÜíŸ2¥ª‡×Hi²TF¤ò[¨íÈRëÉ䢍mgÑ.Ÿ<öäS0í„ǹÁU´f#Vß;Õ–…P@3ío<ä-±»Ž.L|kªÀê›fÂ6@»eu‚|ÓaÞÆŸ…¨ááå>åŠ?cKü6ùTÍÆ”†sĤÚ;H2RÚ†õ\Ö·Ÿn'¾ ñ#ºI¤Å´%çÁ­‚â7›‹qT3Iï¨Ö
Ú5I7Ë!ÅOóŸ¶øÝñØôת¦$Tcö‘[«Ö³šÒ';Aþ ¸èíg
A2Z
"i¸vdÄ÷.iõ®§)¿]¤À†–‡É&ä{V¶iŽ”.Ó×Õÿ û?h¬Mt–íª[ÿ Ñÿ ÌV(í}=ibÔ¡›¥¢±b
 Lô¥‡piη_Z<‡z§èŒ)iÖwiÇ 2hÙ3·=’d÷8éŽ1¦¸c¤µ€7›7Ø	ð\á)}	¹fËí›pAÃL%âc2 í§æQz¿;T8sæ°qø)QFMð‰XŒÂ±
N¢aF¨…8¯!U		Z©RÊ ÖPVÄÀÍin™Ì-GˆªÅËŠ›•zË}º±ŽÍFò¹}Uw×#ä5B¤{î}Ð<ÙD
é©¤&‡ïDbàÁôMÁ."
¤‡ú*õ'VŽ|¼´Úgllº¼klz[Æüï÷Aób‡Eÿ dÑ»Xx9ÃÜ£ÁT/`¼¸vI±Ýµ·Ë‚“G³þ*Ÿû´r|*}<¨îºœ @¦mÄ’M¹”.œ«Y–|6ÏU¤jç¥ÕÞqO
˜kDÆÁ¨5ÿ š;Њ¦¦€GÙk \
	–Þ=â¼=SͧµªS°ÚÍpÜãQűÀõ¬?ÃÁ1Ñ•õZà?hóœ€
L¦l{Y*K˜Ù›zc˜–ˆâø+¾	­-Ök¥%ùEÜA'}ˆ><ÊIè“bpÍ/qÞâvoX€w,\úªò6Z[XdÒæ­@Ö—€$òJí#é>'°Ú
ôª˜<)4ryÙ£|óAÅn5žêŸyÒäMÝ2{"}‰–¤l÷ûWX\l¾Á¸góÉOÔ /óñB¤f¸çñ[.P˜ZsÊË*ßT܈§QN¢’¡¨§V¼(Üù*eÕ“”5T¨‹Âê¥FŒã½Dü[8'Ò¥a…Ú¶k7a
*•›¼'Ò·\8¨ª\@\õ¢¦íq+DÙrmÎ…_ªæ»ŠÓœ¡¯’Ré9MÅ×D™lælffc+ŒÑ,ý™ÿ ¯þǤ=Å’Á7µ÷ÚÛ/“Ü
€ñýã¼àí¾ÕÑ+ƒ,uµMâÀÄbm:ÒÎPæ{˜Gz[ƒ¯«® KHà`ßØŠéí¯P8Aq.C‰ à€kòpj´kN¶qô€…Õ,ÜNŠª-­{Zö’æû44‰sŽè‰îVíRœÕm"
6?³D9¡ÇTíÅꋇ`4«¸ÝÁô ï’ýorqКÇZ«x4Žâéþuïf¹µö[P ,Q£éaX±`PÉÍZ ¸äYúgüAx
’6Lê‚xÝÓ*äQ
Ï’¨hÍ
=²,6ï#rÃ<¯–£»ƒ‹,–ê•€ aÛsñ'%Æ"®ÛüìBᝠHÚ3ß°©$“XnœÖ’î2ËTeûìxîß
¦å¿çÉ
ðK§þ{‘t‚Ϋ¬jéîZ[”š7L¥4VÚCE×]m¤Øy”ä4-dz£œ§¸x.*ã
ÊÊ b÷•h:©‡¦s`BTÁRû¾g⻩‹jø sF¢àJøFl‘È•Xᓁà~*j¯ +(ÚÕ6-£¯÷GŠØy‚<Ç’.F‹Hœw(+)ÜÜâÈzÄäT§FߘãÏ;DmVœ3Àu@mÚüXÝü•3B¨òÌÁÛ<·ÃÜz,Ì@õÅ·d2]ü8s÷IôÞ¯^Ç9¢u„~ëAŸï4«M?
K]­ÅàPl@s_ p:°¬ZR”´›JC[CS.h‹ƒïËœ«Æ]–÷ó‚wR×k7X‰k›‘´ù¦=¡«‰¨¨Â')—71ó’c‡Ðúµ
`é.{§p¹ój\Ž{1h{o±Ý=áUÊïGÖŒõ–-BÄm+AZX¶¡
ïHðæ¥JmÙ;…ä¡Ÿˆ¦ ° äšiÉg«$üMk5¤L“’çÊvïâï	,=f“"íἊ5ô¬x6{ɏžID0e¸vçmi'︧ºð9$ò¹÷*£’9ÿ ²TÔ…×>JV¥}Œ}$p[bÔ®*[jzS*8
”·T›Í–ñUîƒwo$áè=LT™ç—~ô·¤ÈÚ$榍q‰„+´kFm)ž‹©i–ËqÞŠ‰à¶ü( ‚•§ •°ò·‡#5ª•µÊ﯅¡X¨šÁ*F#TXJÊ
ušJVÍ&=iÄs1‚3•'fý§5Ñ<=[íÞ­
PÚ;ѱÌ_~Ä££8rÞ
²w;’hDT°>ÈG¬8Á²ÚzŽ®ò®qZcqJêäÞ-ö[ܘbň±çb“Š¶31²n×iƒðÕ;1¶þÉ
ªX‰,ßqÏ$>•î íZ¥Z 1{ç൵+ƒÕµ¥°T$§K]á»Ûï*·¤tMI’ÂZbŽÕiÒ˜}bÓ0£ª5›¨[5Ž^ÝœWøÂÝh°
¢OWun£¤5 a2Z.G2³YL]jåtì”
ä	ÁÓ‘%"©<ÔúÊ°sº UZvä‡ÄiÆÒM .÷V·™ø#kèýií<NçŽôª¦„lË»{ƒ®<
[¦Y‹éƒ}j•*‚±€I‡e&gbéšp9å^!®€ö?ù^àTzo@Q¨Aêœ& [”…üÔ}пF’Hq‚©´{“ëH·?.½%úå»É Á´9¿¼Ò‰Á¼Ì¥Ús¼zW¶aÃhwÖ…ÑÏ$mò´ë:×Ñγ|”x§
µ0Âз$·aÆn µ†šÇ³£‰Ì®ž
õ@kŽ«gtí䢩ÒP×5¤?µÿ m´Ì^ ‡8¸Á8‹”žÆWÑ ¡™„,Ì“»à‹ÃéV¸®á›ÐÇŽBÀ®Ã…Z”ØÛë8;é|Ñ5)7aÕ&2Ù¸÷©ö—Ð;‡¬7"¿"7M·d
ñœÒÌf5”ê ;"Ãp5¯¬3‹ùJÚÝG›½&¯<{òñKÎÖ“3:¦ÀòGPÅS¨;
à‘Ün´öpð±W)z'¬öÀÖ#Xf2& æ
Œ‹é¾"‹\!Ñ9…
0±2A›*ØMÄ $X
끫ØXÖ,X¥ ô'ËnFÍãlqJXçuaJ4¦„ëµ7ê;h"Zã¾Áä£,vÛ‹’N©E(Öu÷)…ÁaÜÇÔkˆ$‘1kmG¨øtÛ>Ì–ª)µT[)BˆõÑ
xB¾B€ÖT¨.¥~ð@VĶr#¸ü*åZNDŽH;âi 
],©£öØpù(šºãö¼T.uCê•4@ÿ GÕÛ)Cx›®0ø#:ÏðFÒbR\(€€Ä
®fã4Þ‰Fä¯HXƒÅ,†öEÑÔÜ]Öv²?tLÃvBY£ú6Êu5ÅAQ³1‘’¬x–HŒÐ‡ ^	¸KwJôÖŽ5×CÚ¨vÜ«/B0$×k°=ðbÇ(Ï)w±A†Á†	11Í=èQšµ626ŒÜ/`G«µ<}—-Ö7KEHÈÉðóȤmݱû±·ø«Snmá=“ä«šmݱŸ¡¶~ó·“äUóJæúòB|E LêŽy´jDÔ$G¢þÐñ7óR8ýÒ…Ç›	WVe#·Ÿ	p·Fx~•ݤF÷0Èÿ K¯æS<6’¡WШ
;´ÿ ¥Êø\Òuî†åÝ–VNœkÒ7oòX¨Á­Ø÷FÎÑä±g÷ÿ M~Çî=p,X´
ÝÌÚÅ‹
’ÃjÖ.ØöÏñ
qïQ¤ÓZE†° =6·]܈ s¸>v•Ž^Ý\wq9r‰Î\¸¡kURÒ$­*‹Nq?Þª*!sŠÆ:TU_u±T+øX¡
®¹¡,ÄâÃBTsÜ$Ø›4m椴zÜK]’’›Pƒ@€#â˜`é¹=I‡fiV•Ôî“nRm+µFPOhÍ0B£
€+¬5c
v•:P'ÒyÎ ‰V~‚Ó†ÖuókDoh$å\*ö%Ю=£«…aȼ½÷Û.-½VŒŠ¼'lyî±1¬3ó#ÞE¿ÔS¤gV£m›<HqÚ,sVºóÆß¼Hïô…¹…Méi‡Ò" µùEîØÏj|ÓøVOuœ"f’aÞÞëx…˜ÌO`dHHš×4K*H$‡5×
ÚÄ
Â×CUÅAŠŒsr»2°ÄÁiÚ±Çéõe•¶_SÕÆÃ3ˆ•-3´‘¸¡‡cgDîÚ¦ÃcX}'êûJè½9ñìÓ­ä±	×ÓûçÁmO”üVÞ¸÷¥ I~“ÒôhhûýÑwxlïZ¹G¡4ž=”)º£ò
®vÆŽ%UqÝ4qž©­hûÎí‡š§é1R±cÜèðà y' °ôy¦£q§Ýï¬;šÖõ„Sÿ ›  z('S†$Ï}*evÚ¾Kýº8ý
¨å	jÛ]´-‚6«¶ÖK+8ÊiS45jrœèËQDüDØ]R”˜SPÃ
xJÕl>
=§\û"—WU¤ÚǼÿ ÂnÁ
GŒÃ
‚õN	D³õNÚíŒÕ;HôyÄÈ©P¹Ä{:?R‘Ô¨âF÷ø£bÅó® JS|‚R÷ivýáâ€Æé¡è³´IئÑT!§˜•Øª‚¬â@q€wnïCWÄ@JU€ê¯m6]Ï:£âx
'+ÒðXvÓ¦Úm=–´7œ $ì“B£~p%ÕŸUþ« N@¼üï~w˜ñø5®—'Ôe»¤5ã//€ž~‰Tþ›Å7•#¤×Íö
pÄ$ùeåì*«ÓŠEØWEÈsßg¦ûvžSsLpºÊW–âµEWöˬH;™!CYõZÃÄf æ#1W.
\uWâ\,\Çfj’<qTbên›Î[vxx£ë 'ö¨1›˜ÀM¼Pÿ H)ƒêêŒA7s,|F“꺸k³9Ìö*ç®;Ö!Ö$Eiž•¹ÒÚ†ýóéÝû¾ÕS®ó$’NÝäŸz¤5r¦ãÄÃD÷Üø!°ø‡Ô&@m™Ì^Ãä­d	q5Lnÿ N;.6½·N|#ä"1Nƒx“ã<3('&ñß
t  ~ªu”1Tb㫨9ê–›–bìd$ߣ=#ÕãÒmU¯eí$EFù5ýYô櫨æ왍Ǘ±ssM]·á¿
0ÕåJRÓªîiƒ+O58ÖñªŠÒx"	\µâá¨i’¤i
—Ö
”
M+M¤ë9‚‰A¦°Qõ¾ßøK~¼Ã‘g…Ö´~÷Ï[3GUœÒ½#…kàÔ®Ò”‰³·dWV‰IP‰Ú8u¹”E
ÖqLj¾êÕCBš{A^Âß;–¨`¯¬ìö
˼	×tìø.tƐm*n¨y4o&Àx¥n¦×î‡aupáÛj8¿m›è¶ã!o½;ß0y^ý×^EÑ¿ÒjzŒ­)vÚÑnÄL
…^ªô× ‡—‚3k	Îý­hï]içå–îÏ*÷ñþ»Ô
CÒjøjÍznˆ´
¹#b'Fô‹
‰v¥'’à'T´ƒHýÍ%M‰ ƒ&ÆÇŒï1 ‘	–Þ
‰i¬s žR-Ÿ kŠ¬á¬7:þ 0ŒÅÒÕ/aÙ¬ÃÝ#Úøœ
©aiVc‰. ¹¦ãµ”
›Yg¦›ÆÎýº°f³7ƒhá·¸­}&D9¡ÂsÉÙÞèŠõØàC™¨ñbFC|´Ü(ŸƒÚÒ-%»'a	Ì¿)ËÇn¿úÿ ÞŽX…4ÊÅH^ôΑí@ù¹Eh¶“L8Çjù
¼ÎåVªóR©Ï5uÃ
V4lZß®=€xÖŸ–ÑÈ
÷”¨°¾__yM1tÉ?uÆþIkÄgæ@þ[¢†°XÃJ£j·:nkÅ¢u‘}âGzö­/IµèŠ¬¼48q¦F°ŽR¼=ûì{´¯RýicS
ÕÛ íNtÍÙï£,w4rêì®»~x(©Uñ§#Ñ&œÕ¤>ÎåÍÓ9’Ö{9eV­[Öjâ²ãu]˜å2›qÑšÕJç0€sÄ|Êëè0튔bÁ>“{×_F`Ø©ºê:µä,v¤ðfc1±"«ÔÍän1#=·
Âøv~H<Q-Ìk7Æ;•L´©ÙC°.7
¯hKL@ävÊâž$´4¸ð‚¦­R–ÂZ7ÕÃj±·¿rÓrªJ_PÕ.#g¤gÀ)©`ª<KžèÝ'ä©èÒ3rwû€Ø¦ÒƒLf¤
,¿I½{Ƕ8‘$KÝU/Oi>½ÐßA¾¿Ü€Óš]Õ; I¾÷ç‚Qi†î¹9ywÔKG˜áñ zQY—§ÃÕZ07§X‚Áh;ÁM)iÌCH-¯T‘ë|A0{Ò½LÚ–TâÖkÜ’dÀ“rmm»”جPF³ÖcbE§T€ÒxKºû’Ó®7±²(\4ŽÃ¸Uu@j™yĵ;³µ!Á¢b.W¤=mõ´êµKk
¸K^ÜÛ#p*Ü14qkZç5ïë†°5Ï%ÍÛ<Õ¤×Ô¥ê†C	Õ´¼ú$ƒÖ“”]Ù¬qÞÚ[4©ý!ûÏ—Áb쳐XµA¬â~`›Çr¸8ìùÝ䫦<>ä÷«?xs´ÇÑ	/á;¹øüÊÈÙà{"@Žïzâ¬[âß‚ U_<ÇŸ½4èN˜ú61®qŠu ¦þF£»äJ_ˆÙÎ~ ÞAã–Ý„Ï—rŠD;xTž‘ô`É«…suãO`?³à™ô
Lý#Íc5öoæØ‚y´´÷«ZR§<&JÇ+éâô´€i!Àˆ0æAoàðLèÖ-2ŸõW.’t^–(KÁmHµV@xÜÇy®Ñø­â^:Ú3w· 7½¹°ñ¸â¹®:',«Mœ—n­Á+Ãbš
LÈ‘ÄnRÓÅœ%¦²‰¨ùQ:¤f‚ "PÕtô¸…cæl…&˜Ú˜Ôkv‹ž+vŠ,=¢v­6—X
y*¥t£«<™:“aï<QÝ&Ó]i4音äzçáíHÚÕxcòãæäÝÔm퐡 `Â)C×ehÀdHP6ÅMEöZ®Í¨	é¾Tr뢘6*¶;´sÙì]ÊŽŽÛíÉwRÈ´up* Ã	‚m´:Û{·”MUë©õ̤êÔo7:ŽÕ
qÏ'E ˆk^uãT€$Ú$Æ{•ŸBP°al¾Ž©ŒÃ^}äA
,º­$Ü]ºÚ.í:‹¤ÜöXnno7X€¥BÂà ±1ã>Œºîϲ=¦6rO]XI¿Œ÷¤zÚ­›¶ 6÷”w\dü~v®ˆÌk«^m<ÿ ¢‰Õ\)ùºŽ;… lîÙÅEŠ®cѾ@vnMÏ,¼“
ñ•ŽBxðÃzãÇç%3ˆ"}Ù•Åî>
BÉú;Ò]V+P˜F_´ßé>
Øše|ï‡ÄOmFæÇ ãqÞ$/xÐx­z`ï9"œÜij‚!7.\Td…9M‡•iŽ‹¾‘50ÞŽn¥ß4ÉôO¹*í^QêËÜÇÌ8=Ž
§s‰'ÂëÙ«á%Pú[O
†ÅP¯VsŽ°.‰,kc¶ ¬A9n˜XÎ-ÞšN["¹QÕ‰ƒMýÁߺXJæÍaLj¾×Ãmã¾ãÚ uñÒþåQô¦¥
/ÄUx:‚ÍÜ’ Đ©ØÝ3V¨‰ÕnÐ6ó*óúK­«…c ¯U òhsý­jóÔj#,ímŒRµ«lbïUTŒÑ8†Ä0œÏr`ð¡¬É	Ї
ë"À²

™	6¥ f¶¢ÚoܱԷ-<Àî)†a¶ž'Ú»¨TXqØæ¶÷Y
ÄHy˜9ÈIW­YÀuMFë
ºÏ’AqÌ4·/Ú
†ô'i$øä­=Ä
Ý|öK×40è|È6p‘0§)o¥ctî§H+CA-“ xØ|ÐXŠç
l8íºð3Ø:³¤¬KX¯UÿÙ
<?php
/**
 * Joomla! Content Management System
 *
 * @copyright  Copyright (C) 2005 - 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * @license    GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
 */

namespace Joomla\CMS;

defined('JPATH_PLATFORM') or die;

use Joomla\CMS\Access\Access;
use Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication;
use Joomla\CMS\Cache\Cache;
use Joomla\CMS\Date\Date;
use Joomla\CMS\Editor\Editor;
use Joomla\CMS\Input\Input;
use Joomla\CMS\Language\Language;
use Joomla\CMS\Log\Log;
use Joomla\CMS\Mail\Mail;
use Joomla\CMS\Mail\MailHelper;
use Joomla\CMS\Session\Session;
use Joomla\CMS\Uri\Uri;
use Joomla\CMS\User\User;
use Joomla\Registry\Registry;

/**
 * Joomla Platform Factory class.
 *
 * @since  11.1
 */
abstract class Factory
{
	/**
	 * Global application object
	 *
	 * @var    CMSApplication
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	public static $application = null;

	/**
	 * Global cache object
	 *
	 * @var    Cache
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	public static $cache = null;

	/**
	 * Global configuraiton object
	 *
	 * @var    \JConfig
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	public static $config = null;

	/**
	 * Container for Date instances
	 *
	 * @var    array
	 * @since  11.3
	 */
	public static $dates = array();

	/**
	 * Global session object
	 *
	 * @var    Session
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	public static $session = null;

	/**
	 * Global language object
	 *
	 * @var   Language
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	public static $language = null;

	/**
	 * Global document object
	 *
	 * @var    \JDocument
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	public static $document = null;

	/**
	 * Global ACL object
	 *
	 * @var    Access
	 * @since  11.1
	 * @deprecated  13.3 (Platform) & 4.0 (CMS)
	 */
	public static $acl = null;

	/**
	 * Global database object
	 *
	 * @var    \JDatabaseDriver
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	public static $database = null;

	/**
	 * Global mailer object
	 *
	 * @var    Mail
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	public static $mailer = null;

	/**
	 * Get an application object.
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link CMSApplication} object, only creating it if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @param   mixed   $id      A client identifier or name.
	 * @param   array   $config  An optional associative array of configuration settings.
	 * @param   string  $prefix  Application prefix
	 *
	 * @return  CMSApplication object
	 *
	 * @see     JApplication
	 * @since   11.1
	 * @throws  \Exception
	 */
	public static function getApplication($id = null, array $config = array(), $prefix = 'J')
	{
		if (!self::$application)
		{
			if (!$id)
			{
				throw new \Exception('Failed to start application', 500);
			}

			self::$application = CMSApplication::getInstance($id);

			// Attach a delegated JLog object to the application
			self::$application->setLogger(Log::createDelegatedLogger());
		}

		return self::$application;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a configuration object
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link \JConfig} object, only creating it if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @param   string  $file       The path to the configuration file
	 * @param   string  $type       The type of the configuration file
	 * @param   string  $namespace  The namespace of the configuration file
	 *
	 * @return  Registry
	 *
	 * @see     Registry
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getConfig($file = null, $type = 'PHP', $namespace = '')
	{
		if (!self::$config)
		{
			if ($file === null)
			{
				$file = JPATH_CONFIGURATION . '/configuration.php';
			}

			self::$config = self::createConfig($file, $type, $namespace);
		}

		return self::$config;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a session object.
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link Session} object, only creating it if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @param   array  $options  An array containing session options
	 *
	 * @return  Session object
	 *
	 * @see     Session
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getSession(array $options = array())
	{
		if (!self::$session)
		{
			self::$session = self::createSession($options);
		}

		return self::$session;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a language object.
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link Language} object, only creating it if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @return  Language object
	 *
	 * @see     Language
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getLanguage()
	{
		if (!self::$language)
		{
			self::$language = self::createLanguage();
		}

		return self::$language;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a document object.
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link \JDocument} object, only creating it if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @return  \JDocument object
	 *
	 * @see     \JDocument
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getDocument()
	{
		if (!self::$document)
		{
			self::$document = self::createDocument();
		}

		return self::$document;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a user object.
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link User} object, only creating it if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @param   integer  $id  The user to load - Can be an integer or string - If string, it is converted to ID automatically.
	 *
	 * @return  User object
	 *
	 * @see     User
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getUser($id = null)
	{
		$instance = self::getSession()->get('user');

		if (is_null($id))
		{
			if (!($instance instanceof User))
			{
				$instance = User::getInstance();
			}
		}
		// Check if we have a string as the id or if the numeric id is the current instance
		elseif (!($instance instanceof User) || is_string($id) || $instance->id !== $id)
		{
			$instance = User::getInstance($id);
		}

		return $instance;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a cache object
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link CacheController} object
	 *
	 * @param   string  $group    The cache group name
	 * @param   string  $handler  The handler to use
	 * @param   string  $storage  The storage method
	 *
	 * @return  \Joomla\CMS\Cache\CacheController object
	 *
	 * @see     JCache
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getCache($group = '', $handler = 'callback', $storage = null)
	{
		$hash = md5($group . $handler . $storage);

		if (isset(self::$cache[$hash]))
		{
			return self::$cache[$hash];
		}

		$handler = ($handler == 'function') ? 'callback' : $handler;

		$options = array('defaultgroup' => $group);

		if (isset($storage))
		{
			$options['storage'] = $storage;
		}

		$cache = Cache::getInstance($handler, $options);

		self::$cache[$hash] = $cache;

		return self::$cache[$hash];
	}

	/**
	 * Get an authorization object
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link Access} object, only creating it
	 * if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @return  Access object
	 *
	 * @deprecated  13.3 (Platform) & 4.0 (CMS) - Use JAccess directly.
	 */
	public static function getAcl()
	{
		Log::add(__METHOD__ . ' is deprecated. Use Access directly.', Log::WARNING, 'deprecated');

		if (!self::$acl)
		{
			self::$acl = new Access;
		}

		return self::$acl;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a database object.
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link \JDatabaseDriver} object, only creating it if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @return  \JDatabaseDriver
	 *
	 * @see     \JDatabaseDriver
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getDbo()
	{
		if (!self::$database)
		{
			self::$database = self::createDbo();
		}

		return self::$database;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a mailer object.
	 *
	 * Returns the global {@link \JMail} object, only creating it if it doesn't already exist.
	 *
	 * @return  \JMail object
	 *
	 * @see     JMail
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getMailer()
	{
		if (!self::$mailer)
		{
			self::$mailer = self::createMailer();
		}

		$copy = clone self::$mailer;

		return $copy;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a parsed XML Feed Source
	 *
	 * @param   string   $url         Url for feed source.
	 * @param   integer  $cache_time  Time to cache feed for (using internal cache mechanism).
	 *
	 * @return  mixed  SimplePie parsed object on success, false on failure.
	 *
	 * @since   11.1
	 * @throws  \BadMethodCallException
	 * @deprecated  4.0  Use directly JFeedFactory or supply SimplePie instead. Mehod will be proxied to JFeedFactory beginning in 3.2
	 */
	public static function getFeedParser($url, $cache_time = 0)
	{
		if (!class_exists('JSimplepieFactory'))
		{
			throw new \BadMethodCallException('JSimplepieFactory not found');
		}

		Log::add(__METHOD__ . ' is deprecated.   Use JFeedFactory() or supply SimplePie instead.', Log::WARNING, 'deprecated');

		return \JSimplepieFactory::getFeedParser($url, $cache_time);
	}

	/**
	 * Reads a XML file.
	 *
	 * @param   string   $data    Full path and file name.
	 * @param   boolean  $isFile  true to load a file or false to load a string.
	 *
	 * @return  mixed    JXMLElement or SimpleXMLElement on success or false on error.
	 *
	 * @see     JXMLElement
	 * @since   11.1
	 * @note    When JXMLElement is not present a SimpleXMLElement will be returned.
	 * @deprecated  13.3 (Platform) & 4.0 (CMS) - Use SimpleXML directly.
	 */
	public static function getXml($data, $isFile = true)
	{
		Log::add(__METHOD__ . ' is deprecated. Use SimpleXML directly.', Log::WARNING, 'deprecated');

		$class = 'SimpleXMLElement';

		if (class_exists('JXMLElement'))
		{
			$class = 'JXMLElement';
		}

		// Disable libxml errors and allow to fetch error information as needed
		libxml_use_internal_errors(true);

		if ($isFile)
		{
			// Try to load the XML file
			$xml = simplexml_load_file($data, $class);
		}
		else
		{
			// Try to load the XML string
			$xml = simplexml_load_string($data, $class);
		}

		if ($xml === false)
		{
			Log::add(\JText::_('JLIB_UTIL_ERROR_XML_LOAD'), Log::WARNING, 'jerror');

			if ($isFile)
			{
				Log::add($data, Log::WARNING, 'jerror');
			}

			foreach (libxml_get_errors() as $error)
			{
				Log::add($error->message, Log::WARNING, 'jerror');
			}
		}

		return $xml;
	}

	/**
	 * Get an editor object.
	 *
	 * @param   string  $editor  The editor to load, depends on the editor plugins that are installed
	 *
	 * @return  Editor instance of Editor
	 *
	 * @since   11.1
	 * @throws  \BadMethodCallException
	 * @deprecated 12.3 (Platform) & 4.0 (CMS) - Use Editor directly
	 */
	public static function getEditor($editor = null)
	{
		Log::add(__METHOD__ . ' is deprecated. Use JEditor directly.', Log::WARNING, 'deprecated');

		if (!class_exists('JEditor'))
		{
			throw new \BadMethodCallException('JEditor not found');
		}

		// Get the editor configuration setting
		if (is_null($editor))
		{
			$conf = self::getConfig();
			$editor = $conf->get('editor');
		}

		return Editor::getInstance($editor);
	}

	/**
	 * Return a reference to the {@link Uri} object
	 *
	 * @param   string  $uri  Uri name.
	 *
	 * @return  Uri object
	 *
	 * @see     Uri
	 * @since   11.1
	 * @deprecated  13.3 (Platform) & 4.0 (CMS) - Use JUri directly.
	 */
	public static function getUri($uri = 'SERVER')
	{
		Log::add(__METHOD__ . ' is deprecated. Use JUri directly.', Log::WARNING, 'deprecated');

		return Uri::getInstance($uri);
	}

	/**
	 * Return the {@link Date} object
	 *
	 * @param   mixed  $time      The initial time for the JDate object
	 * @param   mixed  $tzOffset  The timezone offset.
	 *
	 * @return  Date object
	 *
	 * @see     Date
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getDate($time = 'now', $tzOffset = null)
	{
		static $classname;
		static $mainLocale;

		$language = self::getLanguage();
		$locale = $language->getTag();

		if (!isset($classname) || $locale != $mainLocale)
		{
			// Store the locale for future reference
			$mainLocale = $locale;

			if ($mainLocale !== false)
			{
				$classname = str_replace('-', '_', $mainLocale) . 'Date';

				if (!class_exists($classname))
				{
					// The class does not exist, default to Date
					$classname = 'Joomla\\CMS\\Date\\Date';
				}
			}
			else
			{
				// No tag, so default to Date
				$classname = 'Joomla\\CMS\\Date\\Date';
			}
		}

		$key = $time . '-' . ($tzOffset instanceof \DateTimeZone ? $tzOffset->getName() : (string) $tzOffset);

		if (!isset(self::$dates[$classname][$key]))
		{
			self::$dates[$classname][$key] = new $classname($time, $tzOffset);
		}

		$date = clone self::$dates[$classname][$key];

		return $date;
	}

	/**
	 * Create a configuration object
	 *
	 * @param   string  $file       The path to the configuration file.
	 * @param   string  $type       The type of the configuration file.
	 * @param   string  $namespace  The namespace of the configuration file.
	 *
	 * @return  Registry
	 *
	 * @see     Registry
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected static function createConfig($file, $type = 'PHP', $namespace = '')
	{
		if (is_file($file))
		{
			include_once $file;
		}

		// Create the registry with a default namespace of config
		$registry = new Registry;

		// Sanitize the namespace.
		$namespace = ucfirst((string) preg_replace('/[^A-Z_]/i', '', $namespace));

		// Build the config name.
		$name = 'JConfig' . $namespace;

		// Handle the PHP configuration type.
		if ($type == 'PHP' && class_exists($name))
		{
			// Create the JConfig object
			$config = new $name;

			// Load the configuration values into the registry
			$registry->loadObject($config);
		}

		return $registry;
	}

	/**
	 * Create a session object
	 *
	 * @param   array  $options  An array containing session options
	 *
	 * @return  Session object
	 *
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected static function createSession(array $options = array())
	{
		// Get the Joomla configuration settings
		$conf    = self::getConfig();
		$handler = $conf->get('session_handler', 'none');

		// Config time is in minutes
		$options['expire'] = ($conf->get('lifetime')) ? $conf->get('lifetime') * 60 : 900;

		// The session handler needs a JInput object, we can inject it without having a hard dependency to an application instance
		$input = self::$application ? self::getApplication()->input : new Input;

		$sessionHandler = new \JSessionHandlerJoomla($options);
		$sessionHandler->input = $input;

		$session = Session::getInstance($handler, $options, $sessionHandler);

		if ($session->getState() == 'expired')
		{
			$session->restart();
		}

		return $session;
	}

	/**
	 * Create a database object
	 *
	 * @return  \JDatabaseDriver
	 *
	 * @see     \JDatabaseDriver
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected static function createDbo()
	{
		$conf = self::getConfig();

		$host = $conf->get('host');
		$user = $conf->get('user');
		$password = $conf->get('password');
		$database = $conf->get('db');
		$prefix = $conf->get('dbprefix');
		$driver = $conf->get('dbtype');
		$debug = $conf->get('debug');

		$options = array('driver' => $driver, 'host' => $host, 'user' => $user, 'password' => $password, 'database' => $database, 'prefix' => $prefix);

		try
		{
			$db = \JDatabaseDriver::getInstance($options);
		}
		catch (\RuntimeException $e)
		{
			if (!headers_sent())
			{
				header('HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error');
			}

			jexit('Database Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
		}

		$db->setDebug($debug);

		return $db;
	}

	/**
	 * Create a mailer object
	 *
	 * @return  \JMail object
	 *
	 * @see     \JMail
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected static function createMailer()
	{
		$conf = self::getConfig();

		$smtpauth = ($conf->get('smtpauth') == 0) ? null : 1;
		$smtpuser = $conf->get('smtpuser');
		$smtppass = $conf->get('smtppass');
		$smtphost = $conf->get('smtphost');
		$smtpsecure = $conf->get('smtpsecure');
		$smtpport = $conf->get('smtpport');
		$mailfrom = $conf->get('mailfrom');
		$fromname = $conf->get('fromname');
		$mailer = $conf->get('mailer');

		// Create a Mail object
		$mail = Mail::getInstance();

		// Clean the email address
		$mailfrom = MailHelper::cleanLine($mailfrom);

		// Set default sender without Reply-to if the mailfrom is a valid address
		if (MailHelper::isEmailAddress($mailfrom))
		{
			// Wrap in try/catch to catch phpmailerExceptions if it is throwing them
			try
			{
				// Check for a false return value if exception throwing is disabled
				if ($mail->setFrom($mailfrom, MailHelper::cleanLine($fromname), false) === false)
				{
					Log::add(__METHOD__ . '() could not set the sender data.', Log::WARNING, 'mail');
				}
			}
			catch (\phpmailerException $e)
			{
				Log::add(__METHOD__ . '() could not set the sender data.', Log::WARNING, 'mail');
			}
		}

		// Default mailer is to use PHP's mail function
		switch ($mailer)
		{
			case 'smtp':
				$mail->useSmtp($smtpauth, $smtphost, $smtpuser, $smtppass, $smtpsecure, $smtpport);
				break;

			case 'sendmail':
				$mail->isSendmail();
				break;

			default:
				$mail->isMail();
				break;
		}

		return $mail;
	}

	/**
	 * Create a language object
	 *
	 * @return  Language object
	 *
	 * @see     Language
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected static function createLanguage()
	{
		$conf = self::getConfig();
		$locale = $conf->get('language');
		$debug = $conf->get('debug_lang');
		$lang = Language::getInstance($locale, $debug);

		return $lang;
	}

	/**
	 * Create a document object
	 *
	 * @return  \JDocument object
	 *
	 * @see     \JDocument
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected static function createDocument()
	{
		$lang = self::getLanguage();

		$input = self::getApplication()->input;
		$type = $input->get('format', 'html', 'cmd');

		$version = new Version;

		$attributes = array(
			'charset'      => 'utf-8',
			'lineend'      => 'unix',
			'tab'          => "\t",
			'language'     => $lang->getTag(),
			'direction'    => $lang->isRtl() ? 'rtl' : 'ltr',
			'mediaversion' => $version->getMediaVersion(),
		);

		return \JDocument::getInstance($type, $attributes);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new stream object with appropriate prefix
	 *
	 * @param   boolean  $use_prefix   Prefix the connections for writing
	 * @param   boolean  $use_network  Use network if available for writing; use false to disable (e.g. FTP, SCP)
	 * @param   string   $ua           UA User agent to use
	 * @param   boolean  $uamask       User agent masking (prefix Mozilla)
	 *
	 * @return  \JStream
	 *
	 * @see     \JStream
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	public static function getStream($use_prefix = true, $use_network = true, $ua = null, $uamask = false)
	{
		\JLoader::import('joomla.filesystem.stream');

		// Setup the context; Joomla! UA and overwrite
		$context = array();
		$version = new Version;

		// Set the UA for HTTP and overwrite for FTP
		$context['http']['user_agent'] = $version->getUserAgent($ua, $uamask);
		$context['ftp']['overwrite'] = true;

		if ($use_prefix)
		{
			$FTPOptions = \JClientHelper::getCredentials('ftp');
			$SCPOptions = \JClientHelper::getCredentials('scp');

			if ($FTPOptions['enabled'] == 1 && $use_network)
			{
				$prefix = 'ftp://' . $FTPOptions['user'] . ':' . $FTPOptions['pass'] . '@' . $FTPOptions['host'];
				$prefix .= $FTPOptions['port'] ? ':' . $FTPOptions['port'] : '';
				$prefix .= $FTPOptions['root'];
			}
			elseif ($SCPOptions['enabled'] == 1 && $use_network)
			{
				$prefix = 'ssh2.sftp://' . $SCPOptions['user'] . ':' . $SCPOptions['pass'] . '@' . $SCPOptions['host'];
				$prefix .= $SCPOptions['port'] ? ':' . $SCPOptions['port'] : '';
				$prefix .= $SCPOptions['root'];
			}
			else
			{
				$prefix = JPATH_ROOT . '/';
			}

			$retval = new \JStream($prefix, JPATH_ROOT, $context);
		}
		else
		{
			$retval = new \JStream('', '', $context);
		}

		return $retval;
	}
}