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* express * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson * MIT Licensed */ 'use strict'; /** * Module dependencies. * @private */ var finalhandler = require('finalhandler'); var Router = require('./router'); var methods = require('methods'); var middleware = require('./middleware/init'); var query = require('./middleware/query'); var debug = require('debug')('express:application'); var View = require('./view'); var http = require('http'); var compileETag = require('./utils').compileETag; var compileQueryParser = require('./utils').compileQueryParser; var compileTrust = require('./utils').compileTrust; var deprecate = require('depd')('express'); var flatten = require('array-flatten'); var merge = require('utils-merge'); var resolve = require('path').resolve; var setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof') var slice = Array.prototype.slice; /** * Application prototype. */ var app = exports = module.exports = {}; /** * Variable for trust proxy inheritance back-compat * @private */ var trustProxyDefaultSymbol = '@@symbol:trust_proxy_default'; /** * Initialize the server. * * - setup default configuration * - setup default middleware * - setup route reflection methods * * @private */ app.init = function init() { this.cache = {}; this.engines = {}; this.settings = {}; this.defaultConfiguration(); }; /** * Initialize application configuration. * @private */ app.defaultConfiguration = function defaultConfiguration() { var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development'; // default settings this.enable('x-powered-by'); this.set('etag', 'weak'); this.set('env', env); this.set('query parser', 'extended'); this.set('subdomain offset', 2); this.set('trust proxy', false); // trust proxy inherit back-compat Object.defineProperty(this.settings, trustProxyDefaultSymbol, { configurable: true, value: true }); debug('booting in %s mode', env); this.on('mount', function onmount(parent) { // inherit trust proxy if (this.settings[trustProxyDefaultSymbol] === true && typeof parent.settings['trust proxy fn'] === 'function') { delete this.settings['trust proxy']; delete this.settings['trust proxy fn']; } // inherit protos setPrototypeOf(this.request, parent.request) setPrototypeOf(this.response, parent.response) setPrototypeOf(this.engines, parent.engines) setPrototypeOf(this.settings, parent.settings) }); // setup locals this.locals = Object.create(null); // top-most app is mounted at / this.mountpath = '/'; // default locals this.locals.settings = this.settings; // default configuration this.set('view', View); this.set('views', resolve('views')); this.set('jsonp callback name', 'callback'); if (env === 'production') { this.enable('view cache'); } Object.defineProperty(this, 'router', { get: function() { throw new Error('\'app.router\' is deprecated!\nPlease see the 3.x to 4.x migration guide for details on how to update your app.'); } }); }; /** * lazily adds the base router if it has not yet been added. * * We cannot add the base router in the defaultConfiguration because * it reads app settings which might be set after that has run. * * @private */ app.lazyrouter = function lazyrouter() { if (!this._router) { this._router = new Router({ caseSensitive: this.enabled('case sensitive routing'), strict: this.enabled('strict routing') }); this._router.use(query(this.get('query parser fn'))); this._router.use(middleware.init(this)); } }; /** * Dispatch a req, res pair into the application. Starts pipeline processing. * * If no callback is provided, then default error handlers will respond * in the event of an error bubbling through the stack. * * @private */ app.handle = function handle(req, res, callback) { var router = this._router; // final handler var done = callback || finalhandler(req, res, { env: this.get('env'), onerror: logerror.bind(this) }); // no routes if (!router) { debug('no routes defined on app'); done(); return; } router.handle(req, res, done); }; /** * Proxy `Router#use()` to add middleware to the app router. * See Router#use() documentation for details. * * If the _fn_ parameter is an express app, then it will be * mounted at the _route_ specified. * * @public */ app.use = function use(fn) { var offset = 0; var path = '/'; // default path to '/' // disambiguate app.use([fn]) if (typeof fn !== 'function') { var arg = fn; while (Array.isArray(arg) && arg.length !== 0) { arg = arg[0]; } // first arg is the path if (typeof arg !== 'function') { offset = 1; path = fn; } } var fns = flatten(slice.call(arguments, offset)); if (fns.length === 0) { throw new TypeError('app.use() requires a middleware function') } // setup router this.lazyrouter(); var router = this._router; fns.forEach(function (fn) { // non-express app if (!fn || !fn.handle || !fn.set) { return router.use(path, fn); } debug('.use app under %s', path); fn.mountpath = path; fn.parent = this; // restore .app property on req and res router.use(path, function mounted_app(req, res, next) { var orig = req.app; fn.handle(req, res, function (err) { setPrototypeOf(req, orig.request) setPrototypeOf(res, orig.response) next(err); }); }); // mounted an app fn.emit('mount', this); }, this); return this; }; /** * Proxy to the app `Router#route()` * Returns a new `Route` instance for the _path_. * * Routes are isolated middleware stacks for specific paths. * See the Route api docs for details. * * @public */ app.route = function route(path) { this.lazyrouter(); return this._router.route(path); }; /** * Register the given template engine callback `fn` * as `ext`. * * By default will `require()` the engine based on the * file extension. For example if you try to render * a "foo.ejs" file Express will invoke the following internally: * * app.engine('ejs', require('ejs').__express); * * For engines that do not provide `.__express` out of the box, * or if you wish to "map" a different extension to the template engine * you may use this method. For example mapping the EJS template engine to * ".html" files: * * app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile); * * In this case EJS provides a `.renderFile()` method with * the same signature that Express expects: `(path, options, callback)`, * though note that it aliases this method as `ejs.__express` internally * so if you're using ".ejs" extensions you dont need to do anything. * * Some template engines do not follow this convention, the * [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/tj/consolidate.js) * library was created to map all of node's popular template * engines to follow this convention, thus allowing them to * work seamlessly within Express. * * @param {String} ext * @param {Function} fn * @return {app} for chaining * @public */ app.engine = function engine(ext, fn) { if (typeof fn !== 'function') { throw new Error('callback function required'); } // get file extension var extension = ext[0] !== '.' ? '.' + ext : ext; // store engine this.engines[extension] = fn; return this; }; /** * Proxy to `Router#param()` with one added api feature. The _name_ parameter * can be an array of names. * * See the Router#param() docs for more details. * * @param {String|Array} name * @param {Function} fn * @return {app} for chaining * @public */ app.param = function param(name, fn) { this.lazyrouter(); if (Array.isArray(name)) { for (var i = 0; i < name.length; i++) { this.param(name[i], fn); } return this; } this._router.param(name, fn); return this; }; /** * Assign `setting` to `val`, or return `setting`'s value. * * app.set('foo', 'bar'); * app.set('foo'); * // => "bar" * * Mounted servers inherit their parent server's settings. * * @param {String} setting * @param {*} [val] * @return {Server} for chaining * @public */ app.set = function set(setting, val) { if (arguments.length === 1) { // app.get(setting) return this.settings[setting]; } debug('set "%s" to %o', setting, val); // set value this.settings[setting] = val; // trigger matched settings switch (setting) { case 'etag': this.set('etag fn', compileETag(val)); break; case 'query parser': this.set('query parser fn', compileQueryParser(val)); break; case 'trust proxy': this.set('trust proxy fn', compileTrust(val)); // trust proxy inherit back-compat Object.defineProperty(this.settings, trustProxyDefaultSymbol, { configurable: true, value: false }); break; } return this; }; /** * Return the app's absolute pathname * based on the parent(s) that have * mounted it. * * For example if the application was * mounted as "/admin", which itself * was mounted as "/blog" then the * return value would be "/blog/admin". * * @return {String} * @private */ app.path = function path() { return this.parent ? this.parent.path() + this.mountpath : ''; }; /** * Check if `setting` is enabled (truthy). * * app.enabled('foo') * // => false * * app.enable('foo') * app.enabled('foo') * // => true * * @param {String} setting * @return {Boolean} * @public */ app.enabled = function enabled(setting) { return Boolean(this.set(setting)); }; /** * Check if `setting` is disabled. * * app.disabled('foo') * // => true * * app.enable('foo') * app.disabled('foo') * // => false * * @param {String} setting * @return {Boolean} * @public */ app.disabled = function disabled(setting) { return !this.set(setting); }; /** * Enable `setting`. * * @param {String} setting * @return {app} for chaining * @public */ app.enable = function enable(setting) { return this.set(setting, true); }; /** * Disable `setting`. * * @param {String} setting * @return {app} for chaining * @public */ app.disable = function disable(setting) { return this.set(setting, false); }; /** * Delegate `.VERB(...)` calls to `router.VERB(...)`. */ methods.forEach(function(method){ app[method] = function(path){ if (method === 'get' && arguments.length === 1) { // app.get(setting) return this.set(path); } this.lazyrouter(); var route = this._router.route(path); route[method].apply(route, slice.call(arguments, 1)); return this; }; }); /** * Special-cased "all" method, applying the given route `path`, * middleware, and callback to _every_ HTTP method. * * @param {String} path * @param {Function} ... * @return {app} for chaining * @public */ app.all = function all(path) { this.lazyrouter(); var route = this._router.route(path); var args = slice.call(arguments, 1); for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) { route[methods[i]].apply(route, args); } return this; }; // del -> delete alias app.del = deprecate.function(app.delete, 'app.del: Use app.delete instead'); /** * Render the given view `name` name with `options` * and a callback accepting an error and the * rendered template string. * * Example: * * app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, function(err, html){ * // ... * }) * * @param {String} name * @param {Object|Function} options or fn * @param {Function} callback * @public */ app.render = function render(name, options, callback) { var cache = this.cache; var done = callback; var engines = this.engines; var opts = options; var renderOptions = {}; var view; // support callback function as second arg if (typeof options === 'function') { done = options; opts = {}; } // merge app.locals merge(renderOptions, this.locals); // merge options._locals if (opts._locals) { merge(renderOptions, opts._locals); } // merge options merge(renderOptions, opts); // set .cache unless explicitly provided if (renderOptions.cache == null) { renderOptions.cache = this.enabled('view cache'); } // primed cache if (renderOptions.cache) { view = cache[name]; } // view if (!view) { var View = this.get('view'); view = new View(name, { defaultEngine: this.get('view engine'), root: this.get('views'), engines: engines }); if (!view.path) { var dirs = Array.isArray(view.root) && view.root.length > 1 ? 'directories "' + view.root.slice(0, -1).join('", "') + '" or "' + view.root[view.root.length - 1] + '"' : 'directory "' + view.root + '"' var err = new Error('Failed to lookup view "' + name + '" in views ' + dirs); err.view = view; return done(err); } // prime the cache if (renderOptions.cache) { cache[name] = view; } } // render tryRender(view, renderOptions, done); }; /** * Listen for connections. * * A node `http.Server` is returned, with this * application (which is a `Function`) as its * callback. If you wish to create both an HTTP * and HTTPS server you may do so with the "http" * and "https" modules as shown here: * * var http = require('http') * , https = require('https') * , express = require('express') * , app = express(); * * http.createServer(app).listen(80); * https.createServer({ ... }, app).listen(443); * * @return {http.Server} * @public */ app.listen = function listen() { var server = http.createServer(this); return server.listen.apply(server, arguments); }; /** * Log error using console.error. * * @param {Error} err * @private */ function logerror(err) { /* istanbul ignore next */ if (this.get('env') !== 'test') console.error(err.stack || err.toString()); } /** * Try rendering a view. * @private */ function tryRender(view, options, callback) { try { view.render(options, callback); } catch (err) { callback(err); } }