ÿØÿà JFIF    ÿÛ „  ( %"1!%)+...383,7(-.+  -+++--++++---+-+-----+---------------+---+-++7-----ÿÀ  ß â" ÿÄ     ÿÄ H    !1AQaq"‘¡2B±ÁÑð#R“Ò Tbr‚²á3csƒ’ÂñDS¢³$CÿÄ   ÿÄ %  !1AQa"23‘ÿÚ   ? ôÿ ¨pŸªáÿ —åYõõ\?àÒü©ŠÄï¨pŸªáÿ —åYõõ\?àÓü©ŠÄá 0Ÿªáÿ Ÿå[úƒ ú®ði~TÁbqÐ8OÕpÿ ƒOò¤Oè`–RÂáœá™êi€ßÉ< FtŸI“öÌ8úDf´°å}“¾œ6  öFá°y¥jñÇh†ˆ¢ã/ÃÐ:ªcÈ "Y¡ðÑl>ÿ ”ÏËte:qž\oäŠe÷󲍷˜HT4&ÿ ÓÐü6ö®¿øþßèô Ÿ•7Ñi’•j|“ñì>b…þS?*Óôÿ ÓÐü*h¥£ír¶ü UãSç‚Ÿ[AÐaè[ûª•õ&õj?†Éö+EzP—WeÒírJFt ‘BŒ†Ï‡%#tE Øz ¥OÛ«!1›üä±Í™%ºÍãö]°î(–:@<‹ŒÊö×òÆt¦ãº+‡¦%ÌÁ²h´OƒJŒtMÜ>ÀÜÊw3Y´•牋4ǍýʏTì>œú=Íwhyë,¾Ôò×õ¿ßÊa»«þˆѪQ|%6ž™A õ%:øj<>É—ÿ Å_ˆCbõ¥š±ý¯Ýƒï…¶|RëócÍf溪“t.СøTÿ *Ä¿-{†çàczůŽ_–^XþŒ±miB[X±d 1,é”zEù»& î9gœf™9Ð'.;—™i}!ôšåîqêÛ٤ёý£½ÆA–àôe"A$˝Úsäÿ ÷Û #°xŸëí(l »ý3—¥5m! rt`†0~'j2(]S¦¦kv,ÚÇ l¦øJA£Šƒ J3E8ÙiŽ:cÉžúeZ°€¯\®kÖ(79«Ž:¯X”¾³Š&¡* ….‰Ž(ÜíŸ2¥ª‡×Hi²TF¤ò[¨íÈRëÉ䢍mgÑ.Ÿ<öäS0í„ǹÁU´f#Vß;Õ–…P@3ío<ä-±»Ž.L|kªÀê›fÂ6@»eu‚|ÓaÞÆŸ…¨ááå>åŠ?cKü6ùTÍÆ”†sĤÚ;H2RÚ†õ\Ö·Ÿn'¾ ñ#ºI¤Å´%çÁ­‚â7›‹qT3Iï¨ÖÚ5I7Ë!ÅOóŸ¶øÝñØôת¦$Tcö‘[«Ö³šÒ';Aþ ¸èíg A2Z"i¸vdÄ÷.iõ®§)¿]¤À†–‡É&ä{V¶iŽ”.Ó×Õÿ û?h¬Mt–íª[ÿ Ñÿ ÌV(í}=ibÔ¡›¥¢±b Lô¥‡piη_Z<‡z§èŒ)iÖwiÇ 2hÙ3·=’d÷8éŽ1¦¸c¤µ€7›7Ø ð\á)} ¹fËí›pAÃL%âc2 í§æQz¿;T8sæ°qø)QFMð‰XŒÂ±N¢aF¨…8¯!U  Z©RÊ ÖPVÄÀÍin™Ì-GˆªÅËŠ›•zË}º±ŽÍFò¹}Uw×#ä5B¤{î}Ð<ÙD é©¤&‡ïDbàÁôMÁ." ¤‡ú*õ'VŽ|¼´Úgllº¼klz[Æüï÷Aób‡Eÿ dÑ»Xx9ÃÜ£ÁT/`¼¸vI±Ýµ·Ë‚“G³þ*Ÿû´r|*}<¨îºœ @¦mÄ’M¹”.œ«Y–|6ÏU¤jç¥ÕÞqO ˜kDÆÁ¨5ÿ š;Њ¦¦€GÙk \ –Þ=â¼=SͧµªS°ÚÍpÜãQűÀõ¬?ÃÁ1Ñ•õZà?hóœ€ L¦l{Y*K˜Ù›zc˜–ˆâ ø+¾ ­-Ök¥%ùEÜA'}ˆ><ÊIè“bpÍ/qÞâvoX€w,\úªò6Z[XdÒæ­@Ö—€$òJí#é>'°Ú ôª˜<)4ryÙ£|óAÅn5žêŸyÒäMÝ2{"}‰–¤l÷ûWX\l¾Á¸góÉOÔ /óñB¤f¸çñ[.P˜ZsÊË*ßT܈§QN¢’¡¨§V¼(Üù*eÕ“”5T¨‹Âê¥FŒã½Dü[8'Ò¥a…Ú¶k7a *•›¼'Ò·\8¨ª\@\õ¢¦íq+DÙrmÎ…_ªæ»ŠÓœ¡¯’Ré9MÅ×D™lælffc+ŒÑ,ý™ÿ ¯þǤ=Å’Á7µ÷ÚÛ/“Ü€ñýã¼àí¾ÕÑ+ƒ,uµMâÀÄbm:ÒÎPæ{˜Gz[ƒ¯«® KHà`ßØŠéí¯P8Aq.C‰ à€kòpj´kN¶qô€…Õ,ÜNŠª-­{Zö’æû44‰sŽè‰îVíRœÕm" 6?³D9¡ÇTíÅꋇ`4«¸ÝÁô ï’ýorqКÇZ«x4Žâéþuïf¹µö[P ,Q£éaX±`PÉÍZ ¸äYúg üAx ’6Lê‚xÝÓ*äQ  Ï’¨hÍ =²,6ï#rÃ<¯–£»ƒ‹,–ê•€ aÛsñ'%Æ"®ÛüìBᝠHÚ3ß°©$“XnœÖ’î2ËTeûìxîß ¦å¿çÉ ðK§þ{‘t‚Ϋ¬jéîZ[ ”š7L¥4VÚCE×]m¤Øy”ä4-dz£œ§¸x.*ãÊÊ b÷•h:©‡¦s`BTÁRû¾g⻩‹jø sF¢àJøFl‘È•Xᓁà~*j¯ +(ÚÕ6-£¯÷GŠØy‚<Ç’.F‹Hœw(+)ÜÜâÈzÄäT§FߘãÏ;DmVœ3Àu@mÚüXÝü•3B¨òÌÁÛ<·ÃÜ z,Ì@õÅ·d2]ü8s÷IôÞ¯^Ç9¢u„~ëAŸï4«M? 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Michigan 49 - Stanford 0, 1902 01/04 Quadrantid meteor shower (look north) 01/05 -50 degrees F, Strawberry UT, 1913 01/05 The FCC hears the first demonstration of FM radio, 1940 01/05 Twelfth night 01/06 Millard Fillmore's birthday (let's party!) 01/08 Battle of New Orleans 01/09 Plough Monday 01/10 First meeting of United Nations General Assembly in London, 1946 01/10 Thomas Paine's Common Sense published, 1776 01/11 Anniversary of the Peoples Republic of Albania 01/11 De Hostos' Birthday in Puerto Rico 01/11 Milk delivered in bottles for first time, 1878 01/11 Prithvi Jayanti in Nepal 01/11 Surgeon General condemned cigarettes, 1964 01/11 The Whiskey-A-Go-Go opens on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles, 1963 01/14 The first "Be-In" is held in Golden Gate Park, 1967 01/16 Prohibition begins, 1920 01/18 Grey whale migration, California 01/20 St. Agnes Eve (Ah, bitter chill it was...) 01/24 Eskimo Pie patented by Christian Nelson, 1922 01/24 Gold discovered in California at Sutter's Mill, 1848 01/26 Sydney, New South Wales settled, 1788 01/27 Grissom, White and Chaffe burned to death in Apollo 1, 1967 01/27 Vietnam War cease-fire signed, 1973 01/28 First ski tow, Woodstock VT, 1914 01/28 Space Shuttle Challenger (51-L) explodes 74 seconds after liftoff killing Scobee, Smith, McNair, Resnick, Jarvis, Onizuka and McAuliffe, 1986 01/30 Mohandas Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi by Hindu fanatic, 1948 01/30 Tet Offensive, 1968 01/31 "Ham" the chimpanzee soars into space aboard Mercury-Redstone 2, 1961 01/31 Explorer I launched, 1958. Van Allen Belt discovered 01/31 Irving Langmuir, 1881, invented tungsten filament lamp 02/01 First TV soap: Secret Storm, 1954 02/01 Forces led by Khomeini take over Iran, 1979 02/01 Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-107) disintegrates 15 minutes before landing killing Husband, McCool, Chawla, Clark, Ramon, Brown, and Anderson, 2003 02/04 Cybernet inaugurated, 1969 02/04 Patricia Hearst kidnapped by Symbionese Liberation Army, 1974 02/08 1963 Revolution Anniversary in Iraq 02/09 -51 degrees F, Vanderbilt MI, 1934 02/12 US President Abraham Lincoln's real birthday 02/12 Santa Barbara oil leak, 1969 02/14 Bombing of Dresden, 1945 02/15 Chicago Seven convicted, 1970 02/16 Nylon patented, 1937 02/16 Stephen Decatur burns US frigate in Tripoli, 1804 02/18 Pluto discovered by Clyde Tombaugh, Lowell Observatory, AZ, 1930 02/19 US Marines land on Iwo Jima, 1945 02/20 John Glenn orbits the Earth 3 times, 1962 02/21 Battle of Verdun begins, 1916 1M casualties 02/21 First telephone directory, New Haven, Connecticut, 1878 02/21 Malcom X shot to death in Harlem, 1965 02/23 Lt. Calley confesses, implicates Cpt. Medina, 1971 02/24 Impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson begin, 1868 02/28 The "French Connection" drug bust occurs in Marseilles, 1972 02/29 French and Indian raid on Deerfield MA, 1704 03/01 Sarah Goode, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba arrested for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts, 1692 03/02 Blackthorn winds (New England) (Does anyone know what this is?) 03/04 First meeting of Congress, 1789, in N.Y.C. 03/13 "Striptease" introduced, Paris, 1894 03/14 Teddy Roosevelt excludes Japanese laborers from continental US, 1907 03/15 Day of the 1848 revolution in Hungary 03/15 Buzzards return to Hinckley OH 03/15 France assumes protectorate over Vietnam, 1874 03/15 Watts, Los Angeles, riots kill two, injure 25, 1966 03/15 Ides of March. Gaius Julius Caesar assassinated by senators, including adoptive son Marcus Junius Brutus Caepio, 44BC 03/16 MyLai Massacre; 300 non-combatant villagers killed by US infantrymen 03/16 Robert Goddard launches first liquid-fueled rocket, Auburn MA, 1926 03/17 Vanguard I launched, 1958. Earth proved pear-shaped 03/18 Aleksei Leonov performs first spacewalk, 1965 03/19 Swallows return to Capistrano 03/20 Radio Caroline, the original British pirate radio station, sinks, 1980 03/24 Construction of New York subway system begins, 1900 03/25 Triangle Shirt Waist Fire, 1911 03/26 Popeye statue unveiled, Crystal City TX Spinach Festival, 1937 03/27 Khrushchev becomes Premier of Soviet Union, 1958 03/28 Three Mile Island releases radioactive gas, 1979 03/29 Swedish settled Christiana (Wilmington) DE, 1638 03/30 Alaska purchased from Russia for $7.2 million, 1867 03/30 Five rings around Uranus discovered, 1977 03/30 Pencil with eraser patented, 1858 04/01 People of superb intelligence, savoir-faire, etc. born this day. 04/04 Martin Luther King assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, 1968 04/04 NATO Established, 1949 04/06 Joseph Smith founds Mormon Church, 1830 04/07 Alewives run, Cape Cod 04/08 Matthew Flinders and Nicolas Baudin meet in Encounter Bay, 1802 04/09 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, 1865 04/12 Confederate troops fire first shots of Civil War at Ft Sumter, 1861 04/12 Space Shuttle Columbia launched, 1981 04/12 Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space, 1961 04/13 Laotian New Year (3 days) in Laos 04/14 US President Abraham Lincoln shot in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth, 1865 04/14 Titanic hits iceberg and sinks, 1912 04/15 US President Abraham Lincoln dies, 1865 04/15 Ray Kroc opens first McDonalds in Des Plaines, IL, 1955 04/17 Bay of Pigs invasion crushed by Castro forces, 1961 04/18 Einstein's Death, 1955 04/18 First Laundromat opens, Fort Worth Texas, 1934 04/18 San Francisco earthquake, 1906 04/19 Landing of the "33" in Uruguay 04/19 Warsaw Ghetto uprising, 1943 04/20 Supreme Court unanimously rules in favor of busing, 1971 04/21 Lyrid meteor shower 04/22 Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, called Lenin, Russian political leader, born in Simbirsk, 1870 04/23 Hank Aaron hits his first home run, 1954 04/26 William Shakespeare baptized in Stratford-on-Avon, England, 1564, birthdate unknown 04/27 Magellan killed in Philippines, 1521 04/29 Zipper patented by Gideon Sindback, 1913 05/01 Beltaine; Feast of the god Bel, sun god 05/03 Anti-war protest disrupts business in Washington, 1971 05/04 Four Kent State students are shot down by the National Guard, 1970 05/05 John Scopes arrested for teaching evolution, Dayton, TN, 1925 05/06 Hindenburg explodes and burns upon landing at Lakehurst, NJ, 1937 05/07 Germany surrenders after WWII, 1945 05/08 Beginning of ostrich mating season 05/08 US institutes mining of Haiphong Harbor, 1972 05/09 94 degrees, New York, 1979 05/10 Germany invades Low Countries, 1940 05/10 Nazi bookburning, 1933 05/14 Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804 05/14 Nation of Israel proclaimed, 1948 05/15 Asylum for Inebriates founded, Binghamton NY, 1854 05/17 24" rain in 11 hours, Pearl River, S. China, 1982 05/17 Six SLA members killed in televised gun fight, 1974 05/18 Battle of Las Piedras in Uruguay 05/18 Napoleon crowned Emperor, 1804 05/21 Battle of Iquique in Chile 05/21 US explodes first hydrogen bomb, 1956 05/22 US Civil War ends, 1865 05/23 Israeli raid into Argentina to capture Adolf Eichmann, 1960 05/23 Two Yetis sighted, Mt. Everest, 1953 05/23 Federal Republic of Germany founded, 1949 05/24 Battle of Pinchincha in Ecuador 05/25 Oral Roberts sees 900 foot tall Jesus Christ, Tulsa OK, 1980 05/25 Successful test of the limelight in Purfleet, England, 1830 05/26 Congress sets first immigration quotas, 1924 05/27 Golden Gate Bridge opens, 1937 05/29 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norkay climb Mt. Everest, 1953 05/29 First food stamps issued, 1961 05/30 US Marines sent to Nicaragua, 1912 06/02 Native Americans "granted" citizenship, 1924 06/04 Roquefort cheese developed, 1070 06/05 Robert Kennedy assassinated, 1968 06/05 US leaves the Gold Standard, 1933 06/06 First drive-in movie, 1933 06/06 Normandy landing, 1944 06/10 Death of Alexander the Great, 323 B.C. 06/10 Denver police tear gas Jethro Tull and 2000 fans at Red Rocks, 1971 06/11 Greeks seize Troy, 1184BC 06/13 Pioneer flies past Neptune, and therefore out of the Solar System 06/14 Sandpaper invented by I. Fischer, Jr., 1834 06/15 Ben Franklin's kite experiment, 1752 06/15 Magna Carta signed, 1215 06/15 Series of photographs by Edward Muggeridge prove to Leland Stanford that all the hooves of a horse are off the ground during the gallop, 1878 06/16 "The Blues Brothers" premieres in Chicago, 1980 06/17 China explodes its first Hydrogen bomb, 1967 06/17 Watergate Democratic National Committee break-in, 1972 06/19 Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are executed in Sing-Sing prison, 1953 06/19 Lizzie Bordon acquitted, 1893 06/20 Victoria crowned, 1837 06/21 Berlin airlift begins, 1948 06/21 Sun rises over Heelstone at Stonehenge 06/22 Civil rights workers disappear in Mississippi, 1964 06/23 Slavery abolished in England, 1772 06/24 Senate repeals Gulf of Tonkin resolution, 1970 06/25 Custer's Last Stand at Little Big Horn, 1876 06/25 North Korea invades South Korea, 1950 06/26 Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 06/26 St. Lawrence Seaway dedicated by Eisenhower & Queen Elizabeth II, 1959 06/26 Toothbrush invented, 1498 06/27 100 degrees, Fort Yukon, 1915 06/27 Bill Graham closes the Fillmore East, 1971 06/28 Supreme Court decides in favor of Allan Bakke, 1978 06/30 "That" explosion in Siberia, 1908 06/30 China and Soviet Union announce split over ideology, 1960 07/01 Battle of Gettysburg begins, 1863 07/03 Dog days begin 07/04 Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg won by Union forces, 1863 07/04 Cloudy, 76 degrees, Philadelphia PA, 1776 07/04 New York abstains on Declaration of Independence vote, 1776 07/04 Thoreau enters woods, 1845 07/06 First `talkie' (talking motion picture) premiere in New York, 1928 07/06 Lawrence of Arabia captures Aqaba, 1917 07/07 First radio broadcast of "Dragnet", 1949 07/07 Terrorists detonate four bombs on London public transport, 2005 07/08 First public reading of the Declaration of Independence, 1776 07/08 Liberty Bell cracks while being rung at funeral of John Marshall, 1835 07/09 10-hour working day set by law, NH, 1847 07/10 134 degrees in Death Valley, 1913 07/12 Minimum wages established: 40 cents/hour, 1933 07/13 Women first compete in Olympic games, 1908 07/16 Detonation of the first atomic bomb at Alamagordo, NM, 1945 07/17 Disneyland opens, 1955 07/18 Ty Cobb gets 4000th base hit, 1927 07/19 Five Massachusetts women executed for witchcraft, 1692 07/20 Armstrong and Aldrin land on moon, 1969 07/21 First Train Robbery, Jesse James gets $3000 near Adair, Iowa, 1873 07/21 Vietnam divided at 17th parallel, 1954 07/23 Ice cream cone introduced, St. Louis MO, 1904 07/24 Scopes Monkey Trial, 1925 07/30 "In God We Trust" made US motto, 1956 07/31 Harry S. Truman dedicates N.Y. Int'l Airport @ Idlewild Field, 1948, later JFK 08/01 Lughnasa; Feast of the god Lugh, a 30 day Celtic feast centers on this day 08/03 Columbus sets sail for Cathay, 1492 08/03 USS Nautilus crosses under north polar ice cap, 1958 08/04 Axe murder of Andrew and Abbey Borden, 1892 08/04 Bombing of N. Vietnam begins, 1964 08/04 Britain declares war on Germany starting World War I, 1914 08/06 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, 1945 08/06 Caricom in Barbados 08/06 Cy Young pitches first game, 1890 08/08 Montenegro declares war on Germany, 1914 08/08 Richard Nixon resigns the US presidency, 1974 08/08 The Great Train Robbery -- $7,368,000, 1963 08/09 Helter Skelter... the Charles Manson murders take place, 1969 08/09 Persia defeats Spartan King Leonidas at Thermopylae, 480 BC 08/09 US/Canada border defined in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842 08/09 Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, 1945 08/09 Singapore secedes from Malaysia, 1965 08/10 Chicago incorporated as a village of 300 people, 1833 08/10 US and Panama agree to transfer the canal in the year 2000, 1977 08/11 Dog days end 08/11 France Ends War in Indochina, 1954 08/11 Perseid meteor shower (look north; three days) 08/12 First test flight of Space Shuttle "Enterprise" from 747, 1977 08/12 Last US ground troops out of Vietnam, 1972 08/13 Berlin wall erected, 1961 08/13 Li'l Abner debut, 1934 08/14 Social Security begins in US, 1935 08/15 Gandhi's movement obtains independence for Pakistan and India, 1947 08/15 Hurricane hits Plymouth Plantation, 1635 08/16 Roller Coaster patented, 1898 08/17 First public bath opened in N.Y., 1891 08/18 Anti-Cigarette League of America formed 08/19 Air Force cargo plane snares payload from Discoverer 14 spy satellite, marking start of practical military reconnaissance from space, 1960 08/19 Gail Borden patents condensed milk, 1856 08/22 Death of King Richard III, 1485, Last of the Plantagenets 08/22 Joe Walker sets X-15 all time altitude mark (67 miles), 1963 08/22 St. Columbia reports seeing monster in Loch Ness, 565 08/23 Sacco and Vanzetti executed, 1927 08/24 "Alice's Restaurant" premieres in New York and Los Angeles, 1969 08/24 -126.9 F at Vostok, Antarctica, 1960 08/24 British troops burn Washington, 1814 08/25 Gen. De Gaulle leads French forces into Paris, 1944 08/26 19th amendment of US constitution gives women the vote, 1920 08/27 "Tarzan of the Apes" published, 1912 08/27 Krakatoa, Java explodes with a force of 1,300 megatons, 1883 08/28 Martin Luther King leads over 200,000 in civil rights rally in Washington, DC, 1963 08/29 Star in Cygnus goes nova and becomes 4th brightest in sky, 1975; Nova Cygni 1975. 08/30 75 cents a pound tariff set on opium, 1842 08/30 Japan Stationery Co. sells first felt-tipped pen, 1960 08/30 St. Rose of Lima in Peru 08/30 Washington-to-Moscow hot line connected, 1963 08/31 269 people killed after Korean Airlines 747 shot down by USSR, 1983 08/31 Mary Anne Nichols becomes Jack the Ripper's first victim, 1888 08/31 Non-aggression pact signed by USSR and Afghanistan, 1926 08/31 Federation of Malaya gains independence from Great Britain, 1957 09/01 Bobby Fischer defeats Boris Spassky in World Chess Match, 1972 09/01 Joshua A. Norton proclaims himself 'Emperor Norton I', 1859 09/02 Great Britain adopts Gregorian Calendar, 1752 09/02 Japan signs unconditional surrender on US battleship `Missouri', 1945 09/03 Richard ``the Lionheart'' crowned king of England, 1189 09/03 Anniversary of the Founding of the Republic in San Marino 09/05 US President Kennedy orders resumption of underground nuclear tests, 1961 09/05 The first Continental Congress was convened in Philadelphia, 1774 09/06 149 Pilgrims set forth from England aboard the Mayflower, 1620 09/06 First Star Trek episode (The Man Trap) aired 1966 09/06 US President McKinley shot, 1901 09/06 Somhlolo in Swaziland 09/08 "Star Trek" debuts on NBC (1966) 09/08 Jack the Ripper kills again, Annie Chapman is second victim, 1888 09/08 US President Ford pardons Richard M. Nixon, 1974 09/09 California becomes the 31st state of the USA, 1850 09/09 United Colonies is renamed the United States, 1776 09/10 Mountain Meadows Massacre. Mormons kill Gentile wagon train, 1857 09/11 CIA-sponsored terrorists overthrow Chilean government, murder President Allende, 1973 09/11 Terrorists destroy World Trade Center in New York, 2001 09/12 German paratroopers rescue Mussolini from captivity in Rome, 1943 09/12 Germany annexes Sudetenland, 1938 09/13 58 °C (136.4 °F) measured at el Azizia, Libya, 1922 09/13 British defeat the French at the Plains of Abraham, just outside the walls of Quebec City, 1759 09/13 Building of Hadrian's Wall begun, 122 09/13 Chiang Kai-Shek becomes president of China, 1943 09/14 Benjamin Franklin is sent to France as an American minister, 1778 09/14 Salem, Massachusetts, is founded, 1629 09/14 The US Selective Service Act establishes the first peacetime draft, 1940 09/15 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev begins his 13 day tour of the US, 1959 09/15 The US Foreign Affairs Dept. becomes the US State Department, 1789 09/16 The village of Shawmut, Massachusetts, becomes the city of Boston, 1630 09/16 Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore unite to become Malaysia, 1963 09/17 Battle of Antietam, 1862 09/18 Victory of Uprona in Burundi 09/19 New Zealand women get the right to vote, 1893 09/20 Equal Rights Party nominates Belva Lockwood for US President, 1884 09/20 First meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1848 09/20 First meeting of the US National Research Council, 1916 09/20 Magellan leaves Spain on the first Round the World passage, 1519 09/20 The Roxy Theater opens in Hollywood, 1973 09/22 US President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, 1862 09/22 Special prosecutor Leon Jeworski subpoenas US President Nixon, 1974 09/22 The first Soviet atomic bomb explodes, 1949 09/23 Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos declares martial law, 1972 09/23 The New York Knickerbockers becomes the first US Baseball club, 1845 09/23 US Vice President Nixon denies campaign fund fraud with his "Checkers" speech, 1952 09/25 Sandra Day O'Connor becomes first woman on US Supreme Court, 1981 09/27 The first passenger was hauled in a locomotive in England, 1825 09/28 "Pilgrim's Progress" published, 1678 09/28 A Greek soldier runs 26+ miles after the Persian defeat at Marathon, 490BC 09/30 Red Jack kills 2, Elizabeth Stride (#3) and Catherine Eddowes (#4), 1888 09/30 The first tooth is extracted under anesthesia in Charleston, Mass, 1846 09/30 The verdicts of the Nuremberg trials are announced, 1946 10/01 NASA officially begins operations, 1958 10/02 Thurgood Marshall sworn as the first black Supreme Court Justice, 1967 10/04 Crimean war begins, 1853 10/04 First space vehicle, Sputnik I, launched, 1957 10/06 Antioch College is the first public school to admit men and women, 1853 10/06 Egyptian President Anwar es-Sadat is assassinated in Cairo, 1981 10/06 Israel is attacked by the alliance of Egypt and Syria, 1973 10/07 Foundation of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or DDR), 1949 10/07 Georgia Tech. beats Cumberland Univ. 222-0, 1916 10/07 Maryland Governor Marvin Mandel sent to prison on fraud charges, 1977 10/07 Mother Teresa of Calcutta awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, 1979 10/07 Police stop Wilbur Mills car, Fanne Fox jumps into water, 1974 10/08 Great Chicago Fire, 1871 10/09 First two-way telephone conversation, 1876 10/10 Beginning of the Wars for Independence in Cuba 10/10 Foundation of the Workers Party in North Korea 10/10 Mercury at Superior Conjunction with Sun. Moves into night sky. (1984) 10/10 Spiro T. Agnew resigns as Vice-President due to income tax fraud, 1973 10/11 "Saturday Night Live" premiers on NBC-TV, 1975 10/11 The Gang of Four are arrested in Peking, 1976 10/11 The first steam powered ferry ran between New York and Hoboken, 1811 10/11 The second Vatican Ecumenical Council opens in Rome, 1962 10/11 First broadcast of Saturday Night Live, 1975 10/12 Bahama Natives discover Columbus of Europe lost on their shores, 1492 10/12 Khrushchev pounds his desk with shoe during a speech to the UN, 1960 10/12 Man O'War's last race, 1920 10/12 Native Americans discover Columbus of Europe lost on their shores, 1492 10/13 Italy declares war on Germany, 1943 10/13 US Navy born, 1775, authorized by the Second Continental Congress 10/14 Battle of Hastings won by William the Conqueror and the Normans, 1066 10/14 Chuck Yeager breaks sound barrier, 1947 10/15 First draft card burned, 1965 10/18 Boston Shoemakers form first US labor org., 1648 10/18 Soviets announce their probe took photos of the Moon's far side, 1959 10/19 Mao Tse-tung establishes the People's Republic of China, 1949 10/19 Napoleon's beaten army begins the long retreat from Moscow, 1812 10/20 "Saturday Night Massacre", 1973 10/20 OPEC embargo, 1973 10/21 Edison makes the first practical incandescent lamp, 1879 10/21 Guggenheim Museum opens, 1959 10/23 Battle of Leyte Gulf begins, 1944 10/23 Day of the 1956 revolution in Hungary 10/23 Earth created at 6:30 AM, 4004BC. 10/23 Swallows leave Capistrano 10/25 The UN removes Taiwan and admits the People's Republic of China, 1971 10/26 UN's World Health Organization declares smallpox eradicated, 1978 10/27 New York's Boss Tweed is arrested on fraud charges, 1871 10/27 The first New York Subway is opened, 1904 10/28 Columbus discovers Cuba, 1492 10/28 Constantine's army defeats forces of Maxentius at Mulvian Bridge, 312 10/28 Harvard was founded in Massachusetts, 1636 10/28 Statue of Liberty was dedicated on Bedloe's Island, 1886 10/29 Stock Market Crash, 1929 10/30 Orson Welles' "War of the Worlds" broadcast, 1938 10/31 Luther nails 95 Theses to door of Castle Church, Wittenberg, 1517 11/01 Austria-Hungary become two separate nations, 1918 11/01 Puerto Rican nationalists try to kill Truman at the Blair House, 1950 11/02 Luftwaffe completes 57 consecutive nights of bombing of London, 1940 11/02 Two Frenchmen make the first free hot air balloon flight, 1783 11/03 Beef rises to 3 cents a pound, IL, 1837 11/03 Linus Pauling wins Nobel Chemistry Prize, 1954 11/03 Sputnik II launched, 1957, bearing space dog Laika 11/04 Iranian militants seize US embassy personnel in Teheran, 1979 11/04 Soviet forces crush the anti-communist revolt in Hungary, 1956 11/05 Guy Fawkes' Plot, 1605 11/07 Abolitionist newspaperman Elijah P. Lovejoy murdered by mob, 1837 11/07 Lewis and Clark Expedition in sight of the Pacific Ocean, 1805 11/09 Blackout of New York, New England, and Eastern Canada, 1965 11/09 Giant panda discovered (?!), China, 1927 11/09 Jack the Ripper kills fifth and final victim, Jane Kelly, 1888 11/09 Margaret Sanger forms American Birth Control League, 1921 11/09 Roosevelt establishes the Civil Works Administration, 1933 11/10 41 Women arrested in suffragette demonstrations near White House, 1917 11/10 Cpt. Wirz, commandant of Andersonville Prison hanged, 1865 11/10 Henry Stanley asks David Livingstone, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?", 1871 11/11 Washington becomes the 42nd state, 1889 11/12 Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Birthday in Taiwan 11/12 USA first exports oil to Europe, 1861 11/14 Quarter Pounder price raised from $0.53 to $0.55 in violation of Nixon price controls (but okayed by Price Commission after formal request from McDonald's), 1971 11/15 Niagara Falls power plant startup, 1896 11/16 Opening of the Suez Canal, 1869 11/16 Albert Hofmann synthesizes LSD in Switzerland, 1938 11/17 46,000 meteoroids fall over AZ in 20 minutes, 1966 11/17 Richard Nixon says "I am not a crook.", 1973 11/18 First hydrogen bomb blasts Enewetok, 1952 11/18 Local standard time zones established for US, 1883 11/19 Gettysburg Address delivered, 1863 11/21 Announcement of 18 1/2 minute gap on Watergate tape, 1973 11/22 Kennedy shot in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald, 1963 11/23 First broadcast of Dr. Who (longest running TV series), 1963 11/24 Lee Harvey Oswald killed by Jack Ruby, 1963 11/25 Alfred Nobel invents dynamite, 1867 11/27 Alfred Nobel establishes Nobel Prize, 1895 11/27 Friction match invented, England, 1826 11/27 Hoosac Railroad Tunnel completed, 1873, in NW Massachusetts 11/29 King Tut's tomb opened, 1922 12/01 First national corn-husking championship, Alleman IA, 1924 12/01 Martin Luther King Jr., leads black boycott of Montgomery buses, 1955 12/01 Rosa Parks refuses to move to back of the bus (Montgomery, AL), 1953 12/03 First neon light display, Paris, 1910 12/03 First successful human heart transplant led by Dr. Barnard, 1967 12/03 The Montreux Casino burns down during a Frank Zappa concert, 1971 12/04 Washington takes leave of his officers at Fraunce's Tavern, NYC, 1783 12/05 End of Prohibition, 1933 (at least the alcohol part) 12/05 Phi Beta Kappa founded, 1776 12/05 The Eighteenth Amendment repealed, ending Prohibition, 1933 12/07 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, 1941 12/08 Japan enters Second World War with invasion of Pantai Sabak, Kelantan, 1941 12/09 Ball-bearing roller skates patented, 1884 12/10 Metric system established in France, 1799 12/10 Nobel Peace Prize awarded each year 12/12 First wireless message sent across Atlantic by Marconi, 1901 12/13 Apollo 17 leaves the moon, with "last" men to walk on moon aboard, 1972 12/13 Dartmouth College chartered, 1769 12/13 Geminid meteor shower (look south) 12/15 Argo Merchant oil spill, 1976 12/15 Bill of Rights adopted, 1791 12/15 James Naismith invents basketball, Canada, 1891 12/15 Sitting Bull shot in head while submitting to arrest, 1890 12/20 US buys ~1,000,000 sq. miles of Louisiana for ~$20/sq.mi. 12/21 Phileas Fogg completes his trip around the world in less than 80 days 12/21 Women gain the right to vote in South Australia, 1894 12/21 Women gain the right to hold political office in South Australia, 1894 12/24 KKK formed in Pulaski, Tenn, 1865 12/26 DPMA founded, 1951 12/27 APT report published, 1956 12/27 Ether first used as anesthetic in childbirth, 1845 12/28 Comet Kohoutek at perihelion, 1973 12/28 Proclamation of the Province of South Australia, 1836 12/29 Battle of Wounded knee, 1890 12/30 First Los Angeles freeway dedicated, 1940 12/31 St. Sylvester in Switzerland 12/31 Winterland closes its doors, 1978 #endif /* !_calendar_history_ */