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The preferred way is to use the # VMS::Feature module, but that may not be available to dual life modules. my $use_vms_feature; BEGIN { if ($^O eq 'VMS') { if (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; local @INC = @INC; pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.'; require VMS::Feature; }) { $use_vms_feature = 1; } } } # Need to look up the UNIX report mode. This may become a dynamic mode # in the future. sub _vms_unix_rpt { my $unix_rpt; if ($use_vms_feature) { $unix_rpt = VMS::Feature::current("filename_unix_report"); } else { my $env_unix_rpt = $ENV{'DECC$FILENAME_UNIX_REPORT'} || ''; $unix_rpt = $env_unix_rpt =~ /^[ET1]/i; } return $unix_rpt; } # Need to look up the EFS character set mode. This may become a dynamic # mode in the future. sub _vms_efs { my $efs; if ($use_vms_feature) { $efs = VMS::Feature::current("efs_charset"); } else { my $env_efs = $ENV{'DECC$EFS_CHARSET'} || ''; $efs = $env_efs =~ /^[ET1]/i; } return $efs; } # If loading the XS stuff doesn't work, we can fall back to pure perl if(! defined &getcwd && defined &DynaLoader::boot_DynaLoader) { eval {#eval is questionable since we are handling potential errors like #"Cwd object version 3.48 does not match bootstrap parameter 3.50 #at lib/DynaLoader.pm line 216." by having this eval if ( $] >= 5.006 ) { require XSLoader; XSLoader::load( __PACKAGE__, $xs_version); } else { require DynaLoader; push @ISA, 'DynaLoader'; __PACKAGE__->bootstrap( $xs_version ); } }; } # Big nasty table of function aliases my %METHOD_MAP = ( VMS => { cwd => '_vms_cwd', getcwd => '_vms_cwd', fastcwd => '_vms_cwd', fastgetcwd => '_vms_cwd', abs_path => '_vms_abs_path', fast_abs_path => '_vms_abs_path', }, MSWin32 => { # We assume that &_NT_cwd is defined as an XSUB or in the core. cwd => '_NT_cwd', getcwd => '_NT_cwd', fastcwd => '_NT_cwd', fastgetcwd => '_NT_cwd', abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', realpath => 'fast_abs_path', }, dos => { cwd => '_dos_cwd', getcwd => '_dos_cwd', fastgetcwd => '_dos_cwd', fastcwd => '_dos_cwd', abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', }, # QNX4. QNX6 has a $os of 'nto'. qnx => { cwd => '_qnx_cwd', getcwd => '_qnx_cwd', fastgetcwd => '_qnx_cwd', fastcwd => '_qnx_cwd', abs_path => '_qnx_abs_path', fast_abs_path => '_qnx_abs_path', }, cygwin => { getcwd => 'cwd', fastgetcwd => 'cwd', fastcwd => 'cwd', abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', realpath => 'fast_abs_path', }, epoc => { cwd => '_epoc_cwd', getcwd => '_epoc_cwd', fastgetcwd => '_epoc_cwd', fastcwd => '_epoc_cwd', abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', }, MacOS => { getcwd => 'cwd', fastgetcwd => 'cwd', fastcwd => 'cwd', abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', }, amigaos => { getcwd => '_backtick_pwd', fastgetcwd => '_backtick_pwd', fastcwd => '_backtick_pwd', abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', } ); $METHOD_MAP{NT} = $METHOD_MAP{MSWin32}; # Find the pwd command in the expected locations. We assume these # are safe. This prevents _backtick_pwd() consulting $ENV{PATH} # so everything works under taint mode. my $pwd_cmd; if($^O ne 'MSWin32') { foreach my $try ('/bin/pwd', '/usr/bin/pwd', '/QOpenSys/bin/pwd', # OS/400 PASE. ) { if( -x $try ) { $pwd_cmd = $try; last; } } } # Android has a built-in pwd. Using $pwd_cmd will DTRT if # this perl was compiled with -Dd_useshellcmds, which is the # default for Android, but the block below is needed for the # miniperl running on the host when cross-compiling, and # potentially for native builds with -Ud_useshellcmds. if ($^O =~ /android/) { # If targetsh is executable, then we're either a full # perl, or a miniperl for a native build. if (-x $Config::Config{targetsh}) { $pwd_cmd = "$Config::Config{targetsh} -c pwd" } else { my $sh = $Config::Config{sh} || (-x '/system/bin/sh' ? '/system/bin/sh' : 'sh'); $pwd_cmd = "$sh -c pwd" } } my $found_pwd_cmd = defined($pwd_cmd); unless ($pwd_cmd) { # Isn't this wrong? _backtick_pwd() will fail if someone has # pwd in their path but it is not /bin/pwd or /usr/bin/pwd? # See [perl #16774]. --jhi $pwd_cmd = 'pwd'; } # Lazy-load Carp sub _carp { require Carp; Carp::carp(@_) } sub _croak { require Carp; Carp::croak(@_) } # The 'natural and safe form' for UNIX (pwd may be setuid root) sub _backtick_pwd { # Localize %ENV entries in a way that won't create new hash keys. # Under AmigaOS we don't want to localize as it stops perl from # finding 'sh' in the PATH. my @localize = grep exists $ENV{$_}, qw(PATH IFS CDPATH ENV BASH_ENV) if $^O ne "amigaos"; local @ENV{@localize} if @localize; my $cwd = `$pwd_cmd`; # Belt-and-suspenders in case someone said "undef $/". local $/ = "\n"; # `pwd` may fail e.g. if the disk is full chomp($cwd) if defined $cwd; $cwd; } # Since some ports may predefine cwd internally (e.g., NT) # we take care not to override an existing definition for cwd(). unless ($METHOD_MAP{$^O}{cwd} or defined &cwd) { # The pwd command is not available in some chroot(2)'ed environments my $sep = $Config::Config{path_sep} || ':'; my $os = $^O; # Protect $^O from tainting # Try again to find a pwd, this time searching the whole PATH. if (defined $ENV{PATH} and $os ne 'MSWin32') { # no pwd on Windows my @candidates = split($sep, $ENV{PATH}); while (!$found_pwd_cmd and @candidates) { my $candidate = shift @candidates; $found_pwd_cmd = 1 if -x "$candidate/pwd"; } } # MacOS has some special magic to make `pwd` work. if( $os eq 'MacOS' || $found_pwd_cmd ) { *cwd = \&_backtick_pwd; } else { *cwd = \&getcwd; } } if ($^O eq 'cygwin') { # We need to make sure cwd() is called with no args, because it's # got an arg-less prototype and will die if args are present. local $^W = 0; my $orig_cwd = \&cwd; *cwd = sub { &$orig_cwd() } } # set a reasonable (and very safe) default for fastgetcwd, in case it # isn't redefined later (20001212 rspier) *fastgetcwd = \&cwd; # A non-XS version of getcwd() - also used to bootstrap the perl build # process, when miniperl is running and no XS loading happens. sub _perl_getcwd { abs_path('.'); } # By John Bazik # # Usage: $cwd = &fastcwd; # # This is a faster version of getcwd. It's also more dangerous because # you might chdir out of a directory that you can't chdir back into. sub fastcwd_ { my($odev, $oino, $cdev, $cino, $tdev, $tino); my(@path, $path); local(*DIR); my($orig_cdev, $orig_cino) = stat('.'); ($cdev, $cino) = ($orig_cdev, $orig_cino); for (;;) { my $direntry; ($odev, $oino) = ($cdev, $cino); CORE::chdir('..') || return undef; ($cdev, $cino) = stat('.'); last if $odev == $cdev && $oino == $cino; opendir(DIR, '.') || return undef; for (;;) { $direntry = readdir(DIR); last unless defined $direntry; next if $direntry eq '.'; next if $direntry eq '..'; ($tdev, $tino) = lstat($direntry); last unless $tdev != $odev || $tino != $oino; } closedir(DIR); return undef unless defined $direntry; # should never happen unshift(@path, $direntry); } $path = '/' . join('/', @path); if ($^O eq 'apollo') { $path = "/".$path; } # At this point $path may be tainted (if tainting) and chdir would fail. # Untaint it then check that we landed where we started. $path =~ /^(.*)\z/s # untaint && CORE::chdir($1) or return undef; ($cdev, $cino) = stat('.'); die "Unstable directory path, current directory changed unexpectedly" if $cdev != $orig_cdev || $cino != $orig_cino; $path; } if (not defined &fastcwd) { *fastcwd = \&fastcwd_ } # Keeps track of current working directory in PWD environment var # Usage: # use Cwd 'chdir'; # chdir $newdir; my $chdir_init = 0; sub chdir_init { if ($ENV{'PWD'} and $^O ne 'os2' and $^O ne 'dos' and $^O ne 'MSWin32') { my($dd,$di) = stat('.'); my($pd,$pi) = stat($ENV{'PWD'}); if (!defined $dd or !defined $pd or $di != $pi or $dd != $pd) { $ENV{'PWD'} = cwd(); } } else { my $wd = cwd(); $wd = Win32::GetFullPathName($wd) if $^O eq 'MSWin32'; $ENV{'PWD'} = $wd; } # Strip an automounter prefix (where /tmp_mnt/foo/bar == /foo/bar) if ($^O ne 'MSWin32' and $ENV{'PWD'} =~ m|(/[^/]+(/[^/]+/[^/]+))(.*)|s) { my($pd,$pi) = stat($2); my($dd,$di) = stat($1); if (defined $pd and defined $dd and $di == $pi and $dd == $pd) { $ENV{'PWD'}="$2$3"; } } $chdir_init = 1; } sub chdir { my $newdir = @_ ? shift : ''; # allow for no arg (chdir to HOME dir) if ($^O eq "cygwin") { $newdir =~ s|\A///+|//|; $newdir =~ s|(?<=[^/])//+|/|g; } elsif ($^O ne 'MSWin32') { $newdir =~ s|///*|/|g; } chdir_init() unless $chdir_init; my $newpwd; if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') { # get the full path name *before* the chdir() $newpwd = Win32::GetFullPathName($newdir); } return 0 unless CORE::chdir $newdir; if ($^O eq 'VMS') { return $ENV{'PWD'} = $ENV{'DEFAULT'} } elsif ($^O eq 'MacOS') { return $ENV{'PWD'} = cwd(); } elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32') { $ENV{'PWD'} = $newpwd; return 1; } if (ref $newdir eq 'GLOB') { # in case a file/dir handle is passed in $ENV{'PWD'} = cwd(); } elsif ($newdir =~ m#^/#s) { $ENV{'PWD'} = $newdir; } else { my @curdir = split(m#/#,$ENV{'PWD'}); @curdir = ('') unless @curdir; my $component; foreach $component (split(m#/#, $newdir)) { next if $component eq '.'; pop(@curdir),next if $component eq '..'; push(@curdir,$component); } $ENV{'PWD'} = join('/',@curdir) || '/'; } 1; } sub _perl_abs_path { my $start = @_ ? shift : '.'; my($dotdots, $cwd, @pst, @cst, $dir, @tst); unless (@cst = stat( $start )) { _carp("stat($start): $!"); return ''; } unless (-d _) { # Make sure we can be invoked on plain files, not just directories. # NOTE that this routine assumes that '/' is the only directory separator. my ($dir, $file) = $start =~ m{^(.*)/(.+)$} or return cwd() . '/' . $start; # Can't use "-l _" here, because the previous stat was a stat(), not an lstat(). if (-l $start) { my $link_target = readlink($start); die "Can't resolve link $start: $!" unless defined $link_target; require File::Spec; $link_target = $dir . '/' . $link_target unless File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($link_target); return abs_path($link_target); } return $dir ? abs_path($dir) . "/$file" : "/$file"; } $cwd = ''; $dotdots = $start; do { $dotdots .= '/..'; @pst = @cst; local *PARENT; unless (opendir(PARENT, $dotdots)) { # probably a permissions issue. Try the native command. require File::Spec; return File::Spec->rel2abs( $start, _backtick_pwd() ); } unless (@cst = stat($dotdots)) { _carp("stat($dotdots): $!"); closedir(PARENT); return ''; } if ($pst[0] == $cst[0] && $pst[1] == $cst[1]) { $dir = undef; } else { do { unless (defined ($dir = readdir(PARENT))) { _carp("readdir($dotdots): $!"); closedir(PARENT); return ''; } $tst[0] = $pst[0]+1 unless (@tst = lstat("$dotdots/$dir")) } while ($dir eq '.' || $dir eq '..' || $tst[0] != $pst[0] || $tst[1] != $pst[1]); } $cwd = (defined $dir ? "$dir" : "" ) . "/$cwd" ; closedir(PARENT); } while (defined $dir); chop($cwd) unless $cwd eq '/'; # drop the trailing / $cwd; } my $Curdir; sub fast_abs_path { local $ENV{PWD} = $ENV{PWD} || ''; # Guard against clobberage my $cwd = getcwd(); require File::Spec; my $path = @_ ? shift : ($Curdir ||= File::Spec->curdir); # Detaint else we'll explode in taint mode. This is safe because # we're not doing anything dangerous with it. ($path) = $path =~ /(.*)/s; ($cwd) = $cwd =~ /(.*)/s; unless (-e $path) { _croak("$path: No such file or directory"); } unless (-d _) { # Make sure we can be invoked on plain files, not just directories. my ($vol, $dir, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath($path); return File::Spec->catfile($cwd, $path) unless length $dir; if (-l $path) { my $link_target = readlink($path); die "Can't resolve link $path: $!" unless defined $link_target; $link_target = File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dir, $link_target) unless File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($link_target); return fast_abs_path($link_target); } return $dir eq File::Spec->rootdir ? File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dir, $file) : fast_abs_path(File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dir, '')) . '/' . $file; } if (!CORE::chdir($path)) { _croak("Cannot chdir to $path: $!"); } my $realpath = getcwd(); if (! ((-d $cwd) && (CORE::chdir($cwd)))) { _croak("Cannot chdir back to $cwd: $!"); } $realpath; } # added function alias to follow principle of least surprise # based on previous aliasing. --tchrist 27-Jan-00 *fast_realpath = \&fast_abs_path; # --- PORTING SECTION --- # VMS: $ENV{'DEFAULT'} points to default directory at all times # 06-Mar-1996 Charles Bailey bailey@newman.upenn.edu # Note: Use of Cwd::chdir() causes the logical name PWD to be defined # in the process logical name table as the default device and directory # seen by Perl. This may not be the same as the default device # and directory seen by DCL after Perl exits, since the effects # the CRTL chdir() function persist only until Perl exits. sub _vms_cwd { return $ENV{'DEFAULT'}; } sub _vms_abs_path { return $ENV{'DEFAULT'} unless @_; my $path = shift; my $efs = _vms_efs; my $unix_rpt = _vms_unix_rpt; if (defined &VMS::Filespec::vmsrealpath) { my $path_unix = 0; my $path_vms = 0; $path_unix = 1 if ($path =~ m#(?<=\^)/#); $path_unix = 1 if ($path =~ /^\.\.?$/); $path_vms = 1 if ($path =~ m#[\[<\]]#); $path_vms = 1 if ($path =~ /^--?$/); my $unix_mode = $path_unix; if ($efs) { # In case of a tie, the Unix report mode decides. if ($path_vms == $path_unix) { $unix_mode = $unix_rpt; } else { $unix_mode = 0 if $path_vms; } } if ($unix_mode) { # Unix format return VMS::Filespec::unixrealpath($path); } # VMS format my $new_path = VMS::Filespec::vmsrealpath($path); # Perl expects directories to be in directory format $new_path = VMS::Filespec::pathify($new_path) if -d $path; return $new_path; } # Fallback to older algorithm if correct ones are not # available. if (-l $path) { my $link_target = readlink($path); die "Can't resolve link $path: $!" unless defined $link_target; return _vms_abs_path($link_target); } # may need to turn foo.dir into [.foo] my $pathified = VMS::Filespec::pathify($path); $path = $pathified if defined $pathified; return VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand($path); } sub _os2_cwd { my $pwd = `cmd /c cd`; chomp $pwd; $pwd =~ s:\\:/:g ; $ENV{'PWD'} = $pwd; return $pwd; } sub _win32_cwd_simple { my $pwd = `cd`; chomp $pwd; $pwd =~ s:\\:/:g ; $ENV{'PWD'} = $pwd; return $pwd; } sub _win32_cwd { my $pwd; $pwd = Win32::GetCwd(); $pwd =~ s:\\:/:g ; $ENV{'PWD'} = $pwd; return $pwd; } *_NT_cwd = defined &Win32::GetCwd ? \&_win32_cwd : \&_win32_cwd_simple; sub _dos_cwd { my $pwd; if (!defined &Dos::GetCwd) { chomp($pwd = `command /c cd`); $pwd =~ s:\\:/:g ; } else { $pwd = Dos::GetCwd(); } $ENV{'PWD'} = $pwd; return $pwd; } sub _qnx_cwd { local $ENV{PATH} = ''; local $ENV{CDPATH} = ''; local $ENV{ENV} = ''; my $pwd = `/usr/bin/fullpath -t`; chomp $pwd; $ENV{'PWD'} = $pwd; return $pwd; } sub _qnx_abs_path { local $ENV{PATH} = ''; local $ENV{CDPATH} = ''; local $ENV{ENV} = ''; my $path = @_ ? shift : '.'; local *REALPATH; defined( open(REALPATH, '-|') || exec '/usr/bin/fullpath', '-t', $path ) or die "Can't open /usr/bin/fullpath: $!"; my $realpath = ; close REALPATH; chomp $realpath; return $realpath; } sub _epoc_cwd { return $ENV{'PWD'} = EPOC::getcwd(); } # Now that all the base-level functions are set up, alias the # user-level functions to the right places if (exists $METHOD_MAP{$^O}) { my $map = $METHOD_MAP{$^O}; foreach my $name (keys %$map) { local $^W = 0; # assignments trigger 'subroutine redefined' warning no strict 'refs'; *{$name} = \&{$map->{$name}}; } } # In case the XS version doesn't load. *abs_path = \&_perl_abs_path unless defined &abs_path; *getcwd = \&_perl_getcwd unless defined &getcwd; # added function alias for those of us more # used to the libc function. --tchrist 27-Jan-00 *realpath = \&abs_path; 1; __END__