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For Python 2.3 and up, the version number is included in sys.version. For earlier versions, assume the compiler is MSVC 6. """ # This function was copied from Lib/distutils/msvccompiler.py prefix = "MSC v." i = sys.version.find(prefix) if i == -1: return 6 i = i + len(prefix) s, rest = sys.version[i:].split(" ", 1) majorVersion = int(s[:-2]) - 6 minorVersion = int(s[2:3]) / 10.0 # I don't think paths are affected by minor version in version 6 if majorVersion == 6: minorVersion = 0 if majorVersion >= 6: return majorVersion + minorVersion # else we don't know what version of the compiler this is return None def find_msvcrt(): """Return the name of the VC runtime dll""" version = _get_build_version() if version is None: # better be safe than sorry return None if version <= 6: clibname = 'msvcrt' else: clibname = 'msvcr%d' % (version * 10) # If python was built with in debug mode import imp if imp.get_suffixes()[0][0] == '_d.pyd': clibname += 'd' return clibname+'.dll' def find_library(name): if name in ('c', 'm'): return find_msvcrt() # See MSDN for the REAL search order. for directory in os.environ['PATH'].split(os.pathsep): fname = os.path.join(directory, name) if os.path.isfile(fname): return fname if fname.lower().endswith(".dll"): continue fname = fname + ".dll" if os.path.isfile(fname): return fname return None if os.name == "ce": # search path according to MSDN: # - absolute path specified by filename # - The .exe launch directory # - the Windows directory # - ROM dll files (where are they?) # - OEM specified search path: HKLM\Loader\SystemPath def find_library(name): return name if os.name == "posix" and sys.platform == "darwin": from ctypes.macholib.dyld import dyld_find as _dyld_find def find_library(name): possible = ['lib%s.dylib' % name, '%s.dylib' % name, '%s.framework/%s' % (name, name)] for name in possible: try: return _dyld_find(name) except ValueError: continue return None elif os.name == "posix": # Andreas Degert's find functions, using gcc, /sbin/ldconfig, objdump import re, tempfile, errno def _findLib_gcc(name): # Run GCC's linker with the -t (aka --trace) option and examine the # library name it prints out. The GCC command will fail because we # haven't supplied a proper program with main(), but that does not # matter. expr = r'[^\(\)\s]*lib%s\.[^\(\)\s]*' % re.escape(name) cmd = 'if type gcc >/dev/null 2>&1; then CC=gcc; elif type cc >/dev/null 2>&1; then CC=cc;else exit; fi;' \ 'LANG=C LC_ALL=C $CC -Wl,-t -o "$2" 2>&1 -l"$1"' temp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() try: proc = subprocess.Popen((cmd, '_findLib_gcc', name, temp.name), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) [trace, _] = proc.communicate() finally: try: temp.close() except OSError, e: # ENOENT is raised if the file was already removed, which is # the normal behaviour of GCC if linking fails if e.errno != errno.ENOENT: raise res = re.search(expr, trace) if not res: return None return res.group(0) if sys.platform == "sunos5": # use /usr/ccs/bin/dump on solaris def _get_soname(f): if not f: return None null = open(os.devnull, "wb") try: with null: proc = subprocess.Popen(("/usr/ccs/bin/dump", "-Lpv", f), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=null) except OSError: # E.g. command not found return None [data, _] = proc.communicate() res = re.search(br'\[.*\]\sSONAME\s+([^\s]+)', data) if not res: return None return res.group(1) else: def _get_soname(f): # assuming GNU binutils / ELF if not f: return None cmd = 'if ! type objdump >/dev/null 2>&1; then exit; fi;' \ 'objdump -p -j .dynamic 2>/dev/null "$1"' proc = subprocess.Popen((cmd, '_get_soname', f), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) [dump, _] = proc.communicate() res = re.search(br'\sSONAME\s+([^\s]+)', dump) if not res: return None return res.group(1) if (sys.platform.startswith("freebsd") or sys.platform.startswith("openbsd") or sys.platform.startswith("dragonfly")): def _num_version(libname): # "libxyz.so.MAJOR.MINOR" => [ MAJOR, MINOR ] parts = libname.split(b".") nums = [] try: while parts: nums.insert(0, int(parts.pop())) except ValueError: pass return nums or [sys.maxint] def find_library(name): ename = re.escape(name) expr = r':-l%s\.\S+ => \S*/(lib%s\.\S+)' % (ename, ename) null = open(os.devnull, 'wb') try: with null: proc = subprocess.Popen(('/sbin/ldconfig', '-r'), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=null) except OSError: # E.g. command not found data = b'' else: [data, _] = proc.communicate() res = re.findall(expr, data) if not res: return _get_soname(_findLib_gcc(name)) res.sort(key=_num_version) return res[-1] elif sys.platform == "sunos5": def _findLib_crle(name, is64): if not os.path.exists('/usr/bin/crle'): return None env = dict(os.environ) env['LC_ALL'] = 'C' if is64: args = ('/usr/bin/crle', '-64') else: args = ('/usr/bin/crle',) paths = None null = open(os.devnull, 'wb') try: with null: proc = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=null, env=env) except OSError: # E.g. bad executable return None try: for line in proc.stdout: line = line.strip() if line.startswith(b'Default Library Path (ELF):'): paths = line.split()[4] finally: proc.stdout.close() proc.wait() if not paths: return None for dir in paths.split(":"): libfile = os.path.join(dir, "lib%s.so" % name) if os.path.exists(libfile): return libfile return None def find_library(name, is64 = False): return _get_soname(_findLib_crle(name, is64) or _findLib_gcc(name)) else: def _findSoname_ldconfig(name): import struct # XXX this code assumes that we know all unames and that a single # ABI is supported per uname; instead we should find what the # ABI is (e.g. check ABI of current process) or simply ask libc # to load the library for us uname = os.uname()[4] # ARM has a variety of unames, e.g. armv7l if uname.startswith("arm"): uname = "arm" if struct.calcsize('l') == 4: machine = uname + '-32' else: machine = uname + '-64' mach_map = { 'x86_64-64': 'libc6,x86-64', 'ppc64-64': 'libc6,64bit', 'sparc64-64': 'libc6,64bit', 's390x-64': 'libc6,64bit', 'ia64-64': 'libc6,IA-64', # this actually breaks on biarch or multiarch as the first # library wins; uname doesn't tell us which ABI we're using 'arm-32': 'libc6(,hard-float)?', } abi_type = mach_map.get(machine, 'libc6') # XXX assuming GLIBC's ldconfig (with option -p) expr = r'\s+(lib%s\.[^\s]+)\s+\(%s' % (re.escape(name), abi_type) env = dict(os.environ) env['LC_ALL'] = 'C' env['LANG'] = 'C' null = open(os.devnull, 'wb') try: with null: p = subprocess.Popen(['/sbin/ldconfig', '-p'], stderr=null, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, env=env) except OSError: # E.g. command not found return None [data, _] = p.communicate() res = re.search(expr, data) if not res: return None return res.group(1) def find_library(name): return _findSoname_ldconfig(name) or _get_soname(_findLib_gcc(name)) ################################################################ # test code def test(): from ctypes import cdll if os.name == "nt": print cdll.msvcrt print cdll.load("msvcrt") print find_library("msvcrt") if os.name == "posix": # find and load_version print find_library("m") print find_library("c") print find_library("bz2") # getattr ## print cdll.m ## print cdll.bz2 # load if sys.platform == "darwin": print cdll.LoadLibrary("libm.dylib") print cdll.LoadLibrary("libcrypto.dylib") print cdll.LoadLibrary("libSystem.dylib") print cdll.LoadLibrary("System.framework/System") else: print cdll.LoadLibrary("libm.so") print cdll.LoadLibrary("libcrypt.so") print find_library("crypt") if __name__ == "__main__": test()